SMALL  CATECHISM; 

EXPLAINED  IN 

QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS. 

I  OB    TBS    DBS  OF 

THE  CHURCH,  SCHOOL,  AND  FAMILY. 

PREPARED  AND  PUBLISHED   IN  THE   NAME  OF  THE 
EVANGELICAL  HJTHi^IUN  SYNOD  OF  PENNSYL- 
VANIA AND  THJO  ADJACENT  STATES. 

j   


PHILADELPHIA: 
G.  W.  FREDERICK. 


OF  THE 
U  N  I  VER.S  ITY 
Of  ILLINOIS 


238.41 

L97cEs 
1863 


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which  it  was  withdrawn  on  or  before  the 
Latest  Date  stamped  below. 

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UNIVERSITY   OF    ILLINOIS   LIBRARY   AT  URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 


Ms  o4  m 


L161  — O-1096 


s 


PREFACE 


By  direction  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod  of 
Pennsylvania,  the  following  Explanation  of  Luther' % 
Small  Catechism  is  herewith  submitted  to  the  minis- 
tew,  teachers,  and  congregations  of  our  Church,  for 
fcWr  friendly  examination  and  use.    It  was  deemed 
.  Lest  to  postpone  the  publication  of  a  stereotype  edition, 
anti  to  send  forth  this  little  volume  in  irs  present  pri 
visional  form,  in  order  to  afford  an  opportunity  for  tn* 
"  discovery  of  any  imperfections,  which  may  be  panted 
out  by  an  actual  use  and  trial  of  the  book ;  to  elicit 
the  expression  of  wishes  in  regard  to  any  changes  that 
may  be  desired ,  to  reach  a  definite  conclusion  in  refer- 
ence  to  its  adaptation  to  the  want  it  was  intended  to 
meet;  and  to  render  possible  the  introduction  of  such 
changes  as  may  appear  necessary. 

The  object,  steadily  kept  in  view  in  its  preparation, 
is  sufficiently  indicated  by  the  title.  It  is  the  aim  of 
t;  s  Explanation  to  render  Luther's  Small  Catechism, 
peculiar  and  remarkable  for  its  wealth  of  matter 
and  condensed  form,  still  more  profitable  for  practical 
use.  It  was  our  constant  endeavor  not  to  lead  the  mind 
^ay  from  Luther's  master-piece,  but  into  a  better 

(iii) 

i Qooo3 S 


iv 


PREFACE. 


comprehension  and  appreciation  of  it.  But  to  erne1 
more  deeply  into  Luther's  Catechism  is,  at  the  sarn<* 
time,  to  enter  more  deeply  into  the  Holy  Scriptures  — 
the  Word  of  God,  the  rock  from  which  the  stones,  with 
which  Luther  built,  were  hewn.  The  careful  selection 
of  proof-texts,  which  are  here  presented  as  the  Bible's 
testimony  to  our  confession  of  faith,  and  which,  to- 
gether with  the  text  of  Luther's  Catechism,  should,  a? 
far  as  possible,  be  impressed  upon  the  memory  of  the 
young  during  their  school-years,  and  before  they  be- 
come members  of  the  Catechetical  Class,  cannot  fail  to 
enhance  the  value  of  our  little  book.  Those  who,  as 
teachers  in  our  Church,  have  gained  some  experience 
in  Catechetical  instruction,  will  not  fail  to  observe  that 
the  various  wants  of  our  Church,  and  the  differences 
of  age,  knowledge,  and  capacity  have  not  been  lost 
sight  of  in  the  preparation  of  this  hand-book,  so  that 
it  may  be  used  profitably  by  every  conscientious  minis- 
ter, teacher,  and  head  of  a  family,  in  the  religious  in- 
struction of  younger  and  older,  more  or  less  advanced 
pupils,  both  prior  to  and  during  the  Catechetical  in- 
struction preparatory  to  Confirmation.  It  was  not, 
however,  our  intention  to  relieve  the  teacher  from 
that  necessary  preparation  which  he  should  sAwnjn 
make  before  meeting  his  pupils. 

This  is  the  proper  place  to  make  mention  of  the  helps, 
which  have  been  used  by  us  with  a  grateful  recogniti  u 
of  their  merits,  but  also  with  a  constant  regard  to 
their  deficiencies  and  our  own  peculiar  wants.  In 
addition  to  a  number  of  earlier  and  later  labors  of  thii 
tind,  we  would  specially  mention  Caspan's  admirable 


PREFACE. 


Explanation  of  the  Catechism,  which  imorporares  the 
best  results  of  earlier  labors  in  this  department.  Its 
vigorous,  popular  style,  and  original,  independent 
treatment  of  the  subject  are  inimitable,  and  its  fulness 
of  thought  is  in  the  highest  degree  instructive  and  sug- 
gestive. We  have  made  a  grateful  use  of  it,  at  times 
even  word  for  word,  without,  however,  surrendering 
our  independence,  or  forgetting  our  duty. 

And  so  may  this  little  volume  go  forth  into  the 
world,  rinding  many  faithful  readers  and  students,  and 
charitable  judges,  and  accomplish  much  good,  through 
the  blessing  of  God,  and  to  his  glory ! 

In  the  name  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Synod  of  Pennsylvania  and  adjacent 
States. 

W.  J.  MANN. 
G.  F.  KROTEL. 

Philadelphia,  Jicne  25,  1863. 

Note. — The  translation  of  Luther's  Small  Catechism,  .strictly 
adhered  to  in  this  volume,  is  taken  from  the  edition  putlished 
by  the  Synod  of  Pennsylvania  (by  Lindsay  &  Blakiston,  1855), 
and  is  the  work  of  Rev  Prof.  C.  F.  Schaeffer,  D.  D. 
1* 


;  u  (i  I  .1 


LUTHER'S 


SMALL  CATECHISM. 

PART  I. 

THE  TEN  COMMAKDMENTS. 

The  First  Commandment. 
I  am  the  Lord  thy  God.    Thou  shall 
have  no  other  gods  before  me. 

Thou  shalt  not  make  unto  thee  any  graven 
image,  or  any  likeness  of  any  thing  that  is 
in  heaven  above,  or  that  is  in  the  earth  be- 
neath, or  that  is  in  the  water  under  the 
earth  :  thou  shalt  not  bow  down  thyself  to 
them,  nor  serve  them  :  for  I  the  Lord  thy 
God  am  a  jealous  God,  visiting  the  iniquity 
of  the  fathers  upon  the  children  unto  the 
third  and  fourth  generation  of  them  that 
hate  me ;  and  showing  mercy  unto  thou- 
sands of  them  that  love  me,  and  keep  my 
commandments. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Commandment? 

We  should  fear,  love,  and  trust  in  God 
above  all  things. 

The  Second  Commandment. 
Thou  shalt  not  take  the  name  of  the  Lord 
thy  God  in  vain  :  for  the  Lord  will  not  hold 
him  ofu'ltless  th&t  taketh  his  name  in  vain. 

(7) 


8 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS. 


What  is  meant  by  this  Commandment? 

We  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  not 
to  curse,  swear,  conjure,  lie,  or  deceive,  by 
his  name,  but  call  upon  him  in  every  time 
of  need,  and  worship  him  with  prayer 
praise,  and  thanksgiving. 

The  Third  Commandment. 

Remember  the  Sabbath-day,  to  keep  it 
holy. 

Six  days  shalt  thou  labor,  and  do  all  thy 
work :  but  the  seventh  day  is  the  Sabbath 
of  the  Lord  thy  God :  in  it  thou  shalt  not 
do  any  work,  thou,  nor  thy  son,  nor  thy 
daughter,  thy  man-servant,  nor  thy  maid- 
servant, nor  thy  cattle,  nor  thy  stranger  that 
is  within  thy  gates  :  for  in  six  days  the  Lord 
made  heaven  and  earth,  the  sea,  and  all  that 
in  them  is,  and  rested  the  seventh  day: 
wherefore  the  Lord  blessed  the  Sabbath- 
day,  and  hallowed  it. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Commandment? 

"We  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  not  to 
despise  his  word  and  the  preaching  of  the 
gospel,  but  deem  it  holy,  and  willingly  hear 
and  learn  it. 

The  Fourth  Commandment. 

Honor  thy  father  and  thy  mother,  thai 
thy  days  may  be  long  upon  the  land  which 
the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Commandment? 

We  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  not 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS.  9 

to  despise  nor  displease  our  paients  and 
superiors,  but  honor,  serve,  obey,  love,  and 
esteem  them. 

The  Fifth  Commandment. 

Thou  shalt  not  kill. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Commandment? 

We  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  not 
to  do  our  neighbor  any  bodily  harm  or  in- 
jury, but  rather  assist  and  comfort  him  in 
danger  and  want. 

The  Sixth  Commandment. 
Thou  shalt  not  commit  adultery. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Commandment? 

We  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  to  be 
chaste  and  pure  in  our  words  and  deeds, 
each  one  also  loving  and  honoring  his  wife 
or  her  husband. 

The  Seventh  Commandment. 

Thou  shalt  not  steal. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Commandment? 

"W'c  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  not 
to  rob  our  neighbor  of  his  money  or  pro- 
perty, nor  bring  it  into  our  possession  by 
unfair  dealing  or  fraudulent  means,  but 
rather  assist  him  to  improve  and  protect  it 

The  Eighth  Commandment. 

Thou  shalt  not  bear  false  witness  against 
thy  neighbor. 


LO 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS. 


What  is  meant  by  this  Commandment? 

We  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  not 
deceitfully  to  belie,  betray,  slander,  noi 
raise  injurious  reports  against  our  neighbor, 
but  apologize  for  him,  speak  well  of  him, 
and  put  the  most  charitable  construction  on 
all  his  actions. 

The  Ninth  Commandment. 

Thou  shalt  not  covet  thy  neighbor's  house. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Commandment? 

We  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  not  to 
desire  by  craftiness  to  gain  possession  of 
our  neighbor's  inheritance  or  home,  or  to 
obtain  it  under  the  pretext  of  a  legal  right ; 
but  be  ready  to  assist  and  serve  him  in  the 
preservation  of  his  own. 

The  Tenth  Commandment. 

Thou  shalt  not  covet  thy  neighbor's  wife, 
nor  his  man-servant,  nor  his  maid-servant, 
nor  his  ox,  nor  his  ass,  nor  any  thing  that  ia 
thy  neighbor's. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Commandment? 

We  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  not  to 
alienate  our  neighbor's  wife  from  him,  entice 
away  his  servants,  nor  let  loose  his  cattle, 
but  use  our  endeavors  that  they  may  remain 
and  discharge  their  duty  to  him. 

What  does  God  declare  concerning  all  these  Com- 
mandments ? 

He  says  :  "  I  the  Lcrd  thy  God  am  a  jealous  God, 
visiting  the  iniquity  of  the  fathers  upon  the  chil* 


THE  CREED. 


11 


dren  unto  the  third  and  fourth  generation  of  them 
that  hate  me  :  and  showing  mercy  unto  thousands 
of  them  that  love  me,  and  keep  my  commandments/ 
Exod.  20 :  5,  6. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Declaration? 

God  threatens  to  punish  all  those  who  transgress 
Jiese  commandments;  we  should,  therefore,  dread 
his  displeasure,  and  not  act  contrarily  to  these  com- 
mandments. But  he  promises  grace  and  every  bless- 
ing to  all  who  keep  them ;  we  should,  therefore,  love 
and  trust  in  him,  and  cheerfully  do  what  he  has 
commanded  us. 


PART  II. 
THE  CREED. 

THE  FIRST  ARTICLE. 
Of  Creation. 

I  believe  in  God  the  Father  Almighty, 
Maker  of  heaven  and  earth. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Article? 

I  believe  that  God  hath  created  me  and  all  that 
exists ;  that  he  hath  given  and  still  preserves  to  me 
my  body  and  soul  with  all  my  limbs  and  senses,  my 
reason  and  all  the  faculties  of  my  mind,  together 
with  my  raiment,  food,  home  and  family,  and  all 
my  property ;  that  he  daily  provides  me  abundantly 
with  all  the  necessaries  of  life,  protects  me  from  all 
danger,  and  preserves  me  and  guards  me  against  all 
evil ;  all  which  he  does  out  of  pure,  paternal,  and 
divine  goodness  and  mercy,  without  any  merit  or 


12 


THE  CREED. 


worthiness  in  me,  for  all  which  I  am  in  duty  bound 
fco  thank,  praise,  serve,  and  obey  him  This  is  most 
certainly  true. 

THE  SECOND  ARTICLE. 

Of  Redemption. 

And  in  Jesus  Christ  his  only  Sou,  oM 
Lord :  who  was  conceived  by  the  Holy  Ghost, 
born  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  suffered  under 
Pontius  Pilate,  was  crucified,  dead  and 
buried:  he  descended  into  hell:  the  third 
day  he  rose  again  from  the  dead :  he  ascended 
into  heaven,  and  sitteth  on  the  right  hand 
of  God  the  Father  Almighty :  from  thence 
he  shall  come  to  judge  the  quick  and  the 
dead. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Article? 

I  believe  that  Jesus  Christ,  true  God,  begotten 
of  the  Father  from  eternity,  and  also  true  man, 
born  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  is  my  Lord ;  who  hath 
redeemed  me,  a  lost  and  condemned  creature, 
secured  and  delivered  me  from  all  sins,  from  death, 
and  from  the  power  of  the  devil,  not  with  silver 
and  gold,  but  with  his  holy  and  precious  blood,  and 
with  his  innocent  sufferings  and  death,  in  order  that 
I  might  be  his,  live  under  him  in  his  kingdom,  and 
serve  him  in  everlasting  righteousness,  innocencet 
and  blessedness,  even  as  he  is  risen  from  the  dead 
and  lives  and  reigns  to  all  eternity.  This  is  most 
certainly  true. 

THE  THIRD  ARTICLE. 

Of  Sanctification. 

I  believe  in  the  Holy  Ghost;  the  hoJj 
Christian  Church;  the  communion  of 
saints;  the  forgiveness  of  sins;  the  resur- 


THE  LORD'S  PRAYLR. 


reetion  of  the  body;  and  the  life  eveilast 
.ng.  Amen. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Article? 

I  believe  that  I  cannot  by  my  own  reason  or 
strength  believe  in  Jesus  Christ  my  Lord,  or  come 
to  him ;  but  the  Holy  Spirit  hath  called  me  through  - 
the  gospel,  enlightened  me  by  his  gifts,  and  sancti- 
fied and  preserved  me  in  the  true  faith;  in  like 
manner  as  he  calls,  gathers,  enlightens,  and  sancti- 
fies the  whole  Christian  church  on  earth,  and  pre- 
serves it  in  union  with  Jesus  Christ  in  the  true 
faith  ;  in  which  Christian  church  he  daily  forgives 
abundantly  all  my  sins,  and  the  sins  of  all  believers, 
and  will  raise  up  me  and  all  the  dead  at  the  last  day, 
and  will  grant  everlasting  life  to  me  and  to  all  who 
believe  in  Christ.    This  is  most  certainly  true. 


Our  Father  who  art  in  heaven. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Introduction? 

God  would  thereby  affectionately  encourage  ~ia  i, 
believe  that  he  is  truly  our  Father,  and  that  we  aie 
his  children  indeed,  so  that  we  may  call  upon  him 
with  all  cheerfulness  and  confidence,  even  as  be- 
loved children  entreat  their  affectionate  parent. 


THE  LORD'S  PRAYER. 


The  Introduction. 


PART  III. 


The  first  Petition. 

Hallowed  be  thy  name. 
2 


14 


THE  LORD'S  PRAYER 


What  is  meant  by  this  Petition? 

The  name  of  God  is  indeed  holy  in  itself ;  bu* 
we  pray  in  this  petition  that  it  may  be  hallowed 
also  by  us. 

How  is  this  effected? 

When  the  word  of  God  is  taught  in  its  truth  and 
purity,  and  we,  as  the  children  of  God,  lead  holy 
lives,  in  accordance  with  it;  to  this  may  our  blessed 
Father  in  heaven  help  us.  But  whoever  teaches 
and  lives  otherwise  than  as  God's  word  prescribes, 
profanes  the  name  of  God  among  us ;  from  this  pre- 
serve us,  Heavenly  Father. 

The  Second  Petition. 
Thy  kingdom  come. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Petition? 

The  kingdom  of  God  comes  indeed  of  itself,  with- 
out our  prayer ;  but  we  pray  in  this  petition  that  it 
may  come  unto  us  also. 

When  is  this  effected? 

When  our  heavenly  Father  gives  us  his  Holy 
Spirit,  so  that  by  his  grace  we  believe  his  holy 
word,  and  live  a  godly  life  here  on  earth,  and  in 
heaven  forever. 

The  third  Petition. 

Thy  will  be  done  on  earth,  as  it  is  in 
iieaven. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Petition? 

The  good  and  gracious  will  of  God  is  done  indeed 
without  our  prayer ;  but  we  pray  in  this  petition 
that  it  may  be  done  by  us  also. 

When  is  this  effected? 

When  God  frustrates  and  brings  to  nought  every 
evil  counsel  and  purpose,  which  would  hindei  us 


THE  LCRD  S  PRAYER 


If 


from  hallowing  the  name  of  God,  and  prevent  hi? 
kingdom  from  coming  to  us,  such  as  the  will  of  the 
devil,  of  the  world,  and  of  our  own  flesh  ;  and  when 
he  strengthens  us,  and  keeps  us  steadfast  in  his 
word  and  in  the  faith,  even  unto  our  end.  This  ig 
Lis  gracious  and  good  will.  # 

The  fourth  Petition. 

Give  us  this  day  our  daily  bread. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Petition  ? 

God  gives  indeed  without  our  prayer  even  to  the 
wicked  also  their  daily  bread ;  but  we  pray  in  this 
petition  that  he  would  make  us  sensible  of  his 
benefits,  and  enable  us  to  receive  our  daily  bread 
with  thanksgiving. 

What  is  implied  in  the  words:  "  our  daily  bread?" 

All  things  that  pertain  to  the  wants  and  the  sup- 
port of  this  present  life;  such  as  food,  raiment, 
money,  goods,  house  and  land,  and  other  property ; 
a  believing  spouse  and  good  children ;  trustworthy 
servants  and  faithful  magistrates  ;  favorable  seasons, 
peace  and  health ;  education  and  honor ;  true  friends, 
good  neighbors,  and  the  like. 

The  fifth  Petition. 

And  forgive  us  our  trespasses,  as  we  foj> 
e*ive  those  who  trespass  against  us. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Petition  ? 

We  pray  in  this  petition,  that  our  heavenly  Father 
would  not  regard  our  sins,  nor  deny  us  our  requests 
on  account  of  them ;  for  we  are  not  worthy  of  any- 
thing for  which  we  pray,  and  we  have  not  merited 
it;  but  that  he  would  grant  us  all  things  through 
grace,  although        daily  commit  much  sin,  and 


16 


THE  LORD S  PRAYER. 


de&erve  chastisement  alone.  We  will  therefore,  on 
our  part,  both  heartily  forgive,  and  also  readily  do 
good  to  those  who  may  injure  or  offend  us. 

The  Sixth  Petition. 
And  leacl  us  not  into  temptation. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Petition? 

God  indeed  tempts  no  one  to  sin ;  but  we  pray  in 
this  petition  that  God  would  so  guard  and  preserve 
us,  that  the  devil,  the  world,  and  our  own  flesh, 
may  not  deceive  us,  nor  lead  us  into  error  and  un- 
belief, despair,  and  other  great  and  shameful  sins ) 
and  that,  though  we  may  be  thus  tempted,  we  may 
nevertheless  finally  prevail  and  gain  the  victory. 

The  Seventh  Petition. 
But  deliver  us  from  evil. 

What  is  meant  by  this  Petition  ? 

We  pray  in  this  petition,  as  in  a  summary,  that 
our  heavenly  Father  would  deliver  us  from  all 
manner  of  evil,  whether  it  affect  the  body  or  soul, 
property  or  character,  and,  at  last,  when  the  hour 
of  death  shall  arrive,  grant  us  a  happy  end,  and 
graciously  take  us  from  this  world  of  sorrow  to  him- 
self in  heaven. 

The  Conclusion. 

For  thine  is  the  kingdom,  and  the  power, 
and  the  glory  for  ever  and  ever.  Amen. 

What  is  meant  by  the  word  "Amen?" 

That  I  should  be  assured  that  such  petitions  aie 
acceptable  to  our  heavenly  Father,  and  are  heard 
of  him ;  for  he  himself  has  commanded  us  to  pray 
in  this  manner,  and  has  promised  that  he  will  hear 
us.    Amen,  amen ;  that  is,  Yea,  }ea,  it  shall  be  so 


THE    SACRAMENT    OF    HOLY    BAPTISM  17 


PART  IV. 

THE   SACRAMENT   OF  HOLY 
BAPTISM. 

I.  What  is  Baptism? 

Baptism  is  not  simply  water,  but  it  is  the  watei 
comprehended  in  God's  command,  and  2onnected 
with  God's  word. 

What  is  that  word  of  God? 

It  is  that  which  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  spake,  as 
it  is  recorded  in  the  last  chapter  of  Matthew,  verse 
19  :  "  Go  ye  and  teach  all  nations,  baptizing  them 
in  the  name  of  the  Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of 
the  Holy  Ghost." 

II.  What  gifts  or  benefits  does  Baptism  convey  ? 

It  worketh  forgiveness  of  sins,  delivers  from  death 
and  the  devil,  and  confers  everlasting  salvation  on  all 
who  believe  as  the  word  and  promise  of  God  declare 

What  are  these  words  and  promises  of  God? 

Those  which  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  spake,  as 
tlwy  are  recorded  in  the  last  chapter  of  Mark,  verse 
16:  "  He  that  believeth  and  .is  baptized,  shall  be 
saved )  but  he  that  believeth  not,  shall  be  damned." 

III.  How  can  water  produce  such  great  effects  ? 

It  is  not  the  water,  indeed,  that  produces  these 
effects,  but  the  word  of  God  which  accompanies  and 
is  connected  with  the  water,  and  our  faith  which 
relies  on  the  word  of  God  connected  with  the  water 
For  the  water,  without  the  word  of  God,  is  simply 
Water  and  no  baptism.  But  when  connected  with 
the  word  of  God,  it  is  a  baptism,  that  is,  a  gracious 
water  of  life  and  a  "washing  of  regeneration"  in 
the  Holy  Ghost ;  as  St  Paul  says  to  Titus,  in  the 
2* 


18 


THE    LORD'S  SUPPER. 


third  chapter,  verse  5-8  :  "According  to  his  1  srcj 
he  saved  us,  by  the  washing  of  regeneration  and 
renewing  of  the  Holy  Ghost ;  which  he  shed  «  j  us 
abundantly  through  Jesus  Christ  our  Saviour;  that 
being  justified  by  his  grace,  we  should  be  made 
heirs  according  to  the  hope  of  eternal  life ;  this  is 
a  faithful  saying." 

IV.  What  does  such  baptizing  with  water  signify? 

It  signifies  that  the  old  Adam  in  us  is  to  be 
drowned  and  destroyed  by  daily  sorrow  and  repent- 
ance, together  with  all  sins  and  evil  lusts ;  and  that 
again  the  new  man  should  daily  come  forth  and  rise, 
that  shall  live  in  the  presence  of  God  in  righteous- 
ness and  purity  forever. 

Where  is  it  so  written? 

St.  Paul,  in  the  epistle  to  the  Romans,  chap.  6, 
verse  4,  says :  "  We  are  buried  with  Christ  by  bap- 
tism into  death ;  that  like  as  he  was  raised  up  from 
the  dead  by  the  glory  of  the  Father,  even  so  we  also 
should  walk  in  newness  of  life." 


PART  V. 

THE  SACRAMENT  OF  THE  ALTAR; 

(or,  the  lord's  supper.) 

What  is  the  Sacrament  of  the  Altar? 

It  is  the  true  body  and  blood  of  our  Lord  J esus 
Christ,  under  the  bread  and  wine,  given  unto  us 
Christians  to  eat  and  to  drink,  as  it  was  instituted 
by  Christ  himself. 

Wheie  is  it  so  written? 

The  holy  evangelists,  Matthew,  Mark,  and  Luke; 
together  with  St.  Paul,  write  thus :  ('  Our  Lord 


THE  LORD'S  SUPPER. 


19 


Jesus  Christ,  the  same  night  in  which  he  was  be- 
trayed, took  bread  :  and  when  he  had  given  thanks, 
he  brake  it,  and  gave  it  to  the  disciples,  and  said, 
Take,  eat;  this  is  my  body,  which  is  given  for  you: 
this  do,  in  remembrance  of  me.  After  the  same 
manner  also  he  took  the  cup,  when  he  had  supped 
gave  thanks,  and  gave  it  to  them,  saying,  Drink  ye 
all  of  it :  this  cup  is  the  new  testament  in  my  blood, 
which  is  shed  for  you,  for  the  remission  of  sins : 
this  do  ye,  as  oft  as  ye  drink  it,  in  remembrance 
of  me." 

What  benefits  are  derived  from  such  eating  and 
drinking? 

They  are  pointed  out  in  those  words  of  the  in- 
stitution, "  given,  and  shed  for  you,  for  the  remission 
of  sins/'  namely,  through  these  words,  the  remission 
of  sins,  life  and  salvation  are  granted  unto  us  in  the 
Sacrament.  For  where  there  is  remission  of  sins, 
there  life  and  salvation  are  also. 

How  can  the  bodily  eating  and  drinking  produce 
such  great  effects? 

The  eating  and  the  drinking,  indeed,  do  not  pro- 
duce them;  but  the  words  which  stand  here,  namely  • 
"  given,  and  shed  for  you,  for  the  remission  of 
sins ; "  which  words,  besides  the  bodily  eating  and 
drinking,  are  the  chief  things  in  the  Sacrament : 
and  he  who  believes  these  words,  has  that  which 
they  declare,  namely,  the  remission  of  sins. 

Who  is  it  then  that  receives  this  Sacrament  worthily  ? 

Fasting  and  bodily  preparation  are  indeed  a  good 
external  discipline;  but  he  is  truly  worthy  and 
well- prepared,  who  believes  these  words  :  "  given, 
and  shed  for  you,  for  the  remission  of  sins."  But 
he  who  does  not  believe  these  words,  or  who  doubts 
is  unworthy  and  unfit,  because  the  words  "  for  you  ' 
require  truly  believing  hearts. 


EXPLANATION 


OF  THE 


CATECHISM. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Question  1.  What  should  be  every  one's  chief  con- 
cern in  this  life  ? 

Answer.  To  seek  the  kingdom  of  God,  and  his 
righteousness.  (Matt.  6  :  33.) 

2.  Where  do  you  learn  this? 

In  the  Bible,  which  contains  everything  that  I 
must  know  in  order  to  be  saved. 

John  5  :  39.  Search  the  Scriptures;  for  in  them  ye  think  ye 
have  eternal  life:  and  they  are  they  which  testify  of  me. 

3.  What  is  the  Bible? 

The  word  of  God,  recorded  in  the  Old  and  New 
Testament,  in  the  Law  and  in  the  Gospel,  in  histo- 
ries, doctrines,  and  prophecies. 

Heb.  1  :  1,  2.  God,  who  at  sundry  times  and  in  divers  man- 
ners spake  in  time  past  unto  the  fathers  by  the  prophets,  hath 
in  these  last  days  spoken  unto  us  by  his  Son,  whom  he  hath 
if  pointed  heir  of  all  things,  by  whom  also  he  made  the  worlds. 

4.  Why  do  you  call  the  Bible  the  word  of  Godf 
Because  (a),  The  Bible  calls  itself  so. 

1  Thess.  2  : 13.  For  this  cause  also  thank  we  God  without 
ceasing,  because,  when  ye  received  the  word  of  God  which  ye 
heard  of  us,  ye  received  it  not  as  the  word  of  men,  but  as  it  ia 
in  truth,  the  word  of  God,  which  effectually  worketh  also  in  yo\i 
that  believe. 


(20) 


INTRODUCTION. 


21 


2  Pet.  1  :  21.  For  the  prophecy  came  not  in  old  time  by  th6 
irj'U  of  man  :  but  holy  men  of  God  spake  as  they  were  moved 
by  the  Holy  Ghost. 

2  Tim.  3  :  16,  17.  All  Scripture  is  given  by  inspiration  of 
God,  and  is  profitable  for  doctrine,  for  reproof,  for  correction, 
for  instruction  in  righteousness:  that  the  man  of  God  may  be 
perfect,  thoroughly  furnished  unto  all  good  works. 

(&).  Because  the  Bible  wonderfully  foretells  that 
which  is  fulfilled,  and  what  no  man  could  have 
foreseen. 

(c)  .  Because  the  glorious  teachings  of  the  Bible 
never  could  have  originated  in  the  depraved  heart 
of  man. 

(d)  .  Because  the  Bible  contains  a  divine  power, 
which  all  readers  or  hearers  are  made  to  feel,  in 
different  ways. 

Heb.  4  :  12.  For  the  word  of  God  is  quick,  and  powerful,  and 
sharper  than  any  two-edged  sword,  piercing  even  to  the  divid- 
ing asunder  of  soul  and  spirit,  and  of  the  joints  and  marrow, 
and  is  a  discerner  of  the  thoughts  and  intents  of  the  heart. 

Rom.  1  :  16.  For  I  am  not  ashamed  of  the  Gospel  of  Christ  ; 
for  it  is  the  power  of  God  unto  salvation  to  every  one  that 
believeth. 

5.  What,  therefore,  is  justly  demanded  of  us? 

That  we  should  diligently  read  and  hear  this 
word  of  God,  earnestly  take  it  to  heart,  and  regu- 
late our  whole  life  by  it. 

Ps.  119  : 105.  Thy  word  is  a  lamp  unto  my  feet,  and  a  light 
unto  my  path. 

2  Tim.  3  :  15.  And  that  from  a  child  thou  hast  known  the 
holy  Scriptures,  which  are  able  to  make  thee  wise  unto  salva- 
tion through  faith  which  is  in  Christ  Jesus. 

G.  But  what  then  is  the  object  of  our  Catechism  f 

It  briefly  and  simply  sets  forth  and  explains  the 
principal  doctrines  of  the  word  of  God. 

7.  Who  was  the  author  of  our  Catechism  ? 

Martin  Luther,  God's  chosen  vessel  in  effect- 
ing the  work  of  the  Reformation. 


22         EXPLANATION   OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


8.  What  further  particulars  concerning  him  caii 
you  mention  ? 

Martin  Luther  was  born  on  the  10th  of  Novem- 
ber, 1483.  at  Eisleben,  in  Saxony ;  entered  the 
order  of  Augustinian  monks ;  became  professor  and 
preacher  at  Wittenberg;  began  the  work  of  the 
Reformation  in  1517 ;  translated  the  Bible  into 
German;  arranged  and  introduced  an  evangelical 
form  of  worship ;  composed  spiritual  hymns ;  wrote 
this  Catechism,  and  many  other  books  for  the  peo- 
ple and  the  learned ;  and  contended  against  false 
teachers  until  his  happy  departure  from  this  world, 
February  18,  1546. 

9.  What  was  the  Reformation? 

That  great  work  by  which  our  fathers,  under  God, 
restored  to  the  Christian  Church,  which  had  for 
ages  been  deceived  and  disfigured  by  Romish  errors 
and  abuses, — the  pure  doctrine  of  the  word  of  God, 
and  the  proper  use  of  the  holy  Sacraments.  (The 
Festival  of  the  Reformation,  October  31.) 

10.  What  does  the  Catechism  present  to  us,  as  the 
principal  doctrines  of  the  word  of  God  ? 

It  sets  forth  the  following  five  principal  parts  : 
the  Law,  or  the  Ten  Commandments;  the  Creed; 
Prayer ;  Baptism;  and  the  Lord's  Supper. 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS. 


23 


PART  I. 

THE  TEN  COMMAm>MENT8. 

?  1.  To  whom  did  God  give  the  ten  commandments! 
To  the  people  of  Israel,  by  the  hand  of  Moses. 
Exod.,  Chapters  19  and  20. 

12.  Did  God  give  them  any  other  commandments? 
Yes,  many  others,  for  the  regulation  of  public 

worship  and  civil  life. 

13.  Why  then  does  the  Catechism  speak  only  of  ten 
commandments  ? 

Because  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  expressly  con- 
firmed these  ten  commandments,  as  the  moral  law 
which  is  binding  upon  all  men.  (Matt.  22  :  37-40.) 

14.  Does  man  need  a  revealed  law  in  addition  to  his 
conscience  f 

Most  assuredly,  because  conscience,  although  it 
has  not  been  destroyed,  has  nevertheless  lost  its 
clearness  and  power,  through  sin. 

15.  But  why  do  the  commandments  occupy  thejirst 
place  in  our  Catechism? 

Because  they  reveal  to  us  the  holy  will  of  God, 
our  own  sinfulness,  and  the  needfulness  of  salvation 

Rom.  7:12.  Wherefore  the  law  is  holy,  and  the  coniman  i 
merit  holy,  and  just,  and  good. 

Rom.  3  :  20.  For  by  the  law  is  the  knowledge  of  sin. 

Gal.  3  :  24.  Wherefore  the  law  was  our  schoolmaster  to 
bring  us  unto  Christ,  that  we  might  be  justified  by  faith. 

16.  How  are  the  ten  commandments  divided  ? 
Into  the  commandments  of  the  firU  table,  which 

teach  in  our  duty  to  God;  and  into  the  command- 


24         EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 

ments  of  the  second  table,  which  teach  us  our  dut} 

to  our  neighbor. 

17.  What  must  he  borne  in  mind  in  regard  to  each 
one  of  these  commandments  ? 

That  in  Cach  one  of  them  something  evil  is  fct> 
hidden,  and  something  good  is  commanded. 

THE  FIRST  TABLE. 

The  First  Commandment. 

I  am  the  Lord  thy  God.  Thou  shalt  have 
do  other  gods  before  me.  Thou  shalt  not 
make  unto  thee  any  graven  image,  or  any 
likeness  of  anything  that  is  in  heaven  above, 
or  that  is  in  the  earth  beneath,  or  that  is  in 
the  water  under  the  earth :  thou  shalt  not 
bow  down  thyself  to  them,  nor  serve  them  : 
for  I  the  Lord  thy  God  am  a  jealous  God, 
visiting  the  iniquity  of  the  fathers  upon  the 
children  unto  the  third  and  fourth  genera- 
tion of  them  that  hate  me ;  and  showing 
mercy  unto  thousands  of  them  that  love 
me,  and  keep  my  commandments. 

What  is  meant  by  this  commandment? 

We  should  fear,  love,  and  trust  in  God 
above  all  things. 

18.  Of  what  does  God  remind  you  by  the  intrnluc 
ti  m  prefixed  to  this  and  to  all  the  commandments  ? 

That  He,  who  gives  me  these  commandments,  is 
the  Lord,  and  my  God,  and  that  I  should  serve  and 
hve  him. 

19.  What  is  forbidden  by  the  first  commandment? 
A.11  idolatry. 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS. 


25 


20.  When  is  idolatry  committed  ? 

(a)  .  When  man,  in  gross  ignorance  and  spiritual 
blindness,  offers  divine  honor  to  any  creature.  (The 
worship  of  idols,  images,  pictures  and  saints  )  Isa. 
42  :  8  •  Koni.  1  :  23 j  Rev.  19  :  10. 

(b)  ,  When  man  fears,  loves,  or  trusts  in  any  persou 
or  thing  more  or  as  much  as  he  does  the  Lord,  his 
God.    (Idolizing  self,  men,  or  the  world.) 

21.  What  is  meant  by  idolizing  self? 

When  man  loves  himself  more  than  God,  and 
relies  upon  his  own  strength,  wisdom  and  virtue, 
more  than  upon  God. 

Jer.  9  :  23,  24.  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Let  not  the  wise  man 
glory  in  his  wisdom,  neither  let  the  mighty  man  glory  in  his 
might,  let  not  the  rich  man  glory  in  his  riches:  but  let  him 
that  glorieth  glory  in  this,  that  he  understandeth  and  knoweth 
me,  that  I  am  the  Lord  which  exercise  loving-kindness,  judg- 
ment, and  rightoousness,  in  the  earth  :  for  in  these  things  1 
delight,  saith  the  Lord. 

22.  What  is  meant  by  idolizing  men? 

When  we  fear,  love,  or  trust  in  any  fellow-mortal 
more  than  we  do  God. 

Matt.  10  :  28.  And  fear  not  them  which  kill  the  body,  but 
are  not  able  to  kill  the  soul:  but  rather  fear  him  which  is  able 
to  destroy  both  soul  and  body  in  hell. 

Matt.  10  :  37.  He  that  loveth  father  or  mother  more  than 
me  is  not  worthy  of  me  :  and  he  that  loveth  son  or  daughter 
more  than  me  is  not  worthy  of  me. 

Jer.  17  :  5.  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Cursed  be  the  man  that 
trusteth  in  man,  and  maketh  flesh  his  arm,  and  whose  heart 
departeth  from  the  Lord. 

23.  What  is  it  to  idolize  the  world  f 

When  we  give  our  heart  to  the  world  and  the 
lust  thereof,  instead  of  seeking  the  kingdom  of  God 
and  his  righteousness. 

1  John  2  :  15-17.  Love  not  the  world,  neither  the  things  that 
are  in  the  world.    If  any  man  love  the  world,  the  love  of  the 
Father  is  not  in  him.    For  all  that  is  in  the  world,  the  lust  of 
the  flesh,  and  the  lust  of  the  eyes,  and  the  pride  of  life,  is  not 
3 


26         EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


of  the  Father,  but  is  of  the  world.  And  the  world  asseth 
away,  and  the  lust  thereof:  but  he  that  doeth  the  will  of  God 
abideth  for  ever. 

24.  What,  on  the  other  hand,  is  enjoined  by  this 
commandment  ? 

That  we  should  give  to  the  only  true  God,  our 
Lord,  the  honor  that  is  due  to  him ;  i.  e.,  that  we 
should  fear,  love,  and  t?,ust  in  him  above  all  things. 

Matt.  4  :  10.  Thou  shalt  worship  the  Lord  thy  God,  and 
him  only  shalt  thou  serve. 

25.  When  do  -we  fear  God  above  all  things? 
When  the  ever-present  thought  of  God  effectually 

deters  us  from  all  evil,  and  prompts  us  to  all  that  is 
good,  and  we  would  rather  have  the  whole  world 
for  our  enemy  than  displease  God. 

Gen.  39  :  9.  How  then  can  I  do  this  great  wickedness,  and 
sin  against  God?  Matt.  10  :  28. 

26.  What  kind  of  "fear  of  God,"  however,  is  nei- 
ther asked  nor  accepted  by  him  ? 

When  man  fears  punishment,  but  has  no  fear  of 
sin,  having  no  delight  in  God  or  in  his  law.  {Sla- 
vish fear.) 

Rom.  8  : 15.  For  ye  have  not  received  the  spirit  of  bondage 
again  to  fear;  but  ye  have  received  the  Spirit  of  adoption, 
whereby  we  cry,  Abba,  Father. 

1  John  4:18.  There  is  no  fear  in  love;  but  perfect  love 
casteth  out  fear:  because  fear  hath  torment.  He  that  fearetl 
is  not  made  perfect  in  love. 

27.  When  do  we  love  God  above  all  things? 
When  our  chief  delight  is  in  God  and  the  things 

of  God,  and  we  seek  to  please  him  only. 

Ps  73  :  25,  26.  Whom  have  I  in  heaven  but  thee  ?  and  there 
is  none  upon  earth  that  I  desire  beside  thee.  My  flesh  and 
my  heart  faileth  :  but  God  is  the  strength  of  my  heart,  and  my 
portion  for  ever. 

28.  Why  should  we  love  God  above  all  things  f 
Because  we  cannot  lov  i  anything  more  excellent 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS 


27 


than  God ;  we  owe  more  to  him  than  to  all  others  \ 
and  nothing  will  bring  us  greater  good  and  bliss 
than  loving  God. 

James  1 : 17.  Every  good  gift  and  every  perfect  gift  is  from 
atove,  and  cometh  down  from  the  Father  of  lights,  with  whoir 
is  no  variableness,  neither  shadow  of  turning. 

1  John  4  :  19.    We  love  him,  because  he  first  loved  us. 

Rom.  8  :  28.  And  we  know  that  all  things  work  togethoi 
for  good  to  them  that  love  God. 

29.  When  do  we  trust  in  God  above  all  things? 

When,  free  from  unbelieving  care,  and  vain  self- 
confidence,  and  faithful  in  prayer  and  labor,  we  con- 
fidently rely  upon  the  power  and  faithfulness  oi 
God,  in  every  time  of  need. 

Ps.  37  :  5.  Commit  thy  way  unto  the  Lord;  trust  also  in 
him,  and  he  shall  bring  it  to  pass. 

Ps.  42  :  11.  Why  art  thou  cast  down,  0  my  soul?  and  why 
art  thou  disquieted  within  me?  hope  thou  in  God  ;  for  I  shall 
yet  praise  him,  who  is  the  health  of  my  countenance,  and  my 
God. 

Philip.  4:6.  Be  careful  for  nothing ;  but  in  every  thing 
Dy  prayer  and  supplication  with  thanksgiving  let  your  requests 
be  made  known  unto  God. 

30.  Why  is  this  commandment  the  first  of  all  ? 
Because  it  is  the  "Great  Commandment,"  and 

obedience  to  all  the  commandments  must  proceed 
from  the  fear  and  love  of  God. 

Of  this  the  Catechism  reminds  us  in  the  expla 
nation  of  each  commandment,  by  the  words  :  "  W< 
should  so  fear  and  love  God" 

The  Second  Commandment. 
Thou  shalt  not  take  the  name  oi  tho 
Lord  thy  God  in  vain:  for  the  Lord  will 
not  hold  him  guiltless  that  taketh  his  name 
in  vain. 

What  is  meant  by  this  commandment? 

"We  shaU  so  fear  and  love  God  as  not  to 


28 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM 


curse,  swear,  conjure,  lie,  or  deceive,  by  his 
/lame,  but  call  upon  hirn  in  every  time  of 
ueed,  and  worship  him  with  prayer,  praise, 
and  thanksgiving. 

81.  What  do  you  mean  by  the  name  of  God  ? 

First  of  all,  the  holy  words  God,  Jehovah,  Jesus^ 
Christ.,  and  the  like;  and  in  addition  to  these, 
everything  which  the  Bible  teaches  us  to  regard  as 
sacred,  as  a  revelation  of  the  nature  and  will  of 
God. 

32.  What  is  it  to  take  God's  name  in  vain  ? 
Every  application  of  the  holy  names  of  God,  or 

of  divine  things,  in  which  the  heart  is  deficient  in 
true  fear  and  love  of  God. 

33.  How  is  it  taken  in  vain? 

Either  thoughtlessly;  or  intentionally,  wantonly, 
and  wickedly,  as  in  cursing,  swearing,  conjuring, 
lying,  and  deceiving. 

34.  How  may  we  take  it  in  vain  thoughtlessly  ? 
When  we  utter  these  holy  names  from  mere 

habit,  or  in  a  spirit  of  levity,  and  speak  or  hear 
God's  name  or  word  without  devotion  or  reverence. 

Matt.  12  :  36.  But  I  say  unto  you,  That  every  idle  word 
that  men  shall  speak,  they  shall  give  account  thereof  in  the 
day  of  judgment. 

35.  What  is  it  to  "curse"  by  God's  name? 

To  utter  these  holy  names  in  passionate  excite- 
ment, and  wickedly  to  invoke  evil  upon  any  person 
or  thing.    (Luke  9  :  51-55.) 

36.  What;  is  it  to  "swear"  by  his  name? 

To  appeal  to  God  as  the  witness  of  truth,  and  the 
avenger  of  falsehood. 

37.  Ts  all  swearing  forbidden? 

Ni  !    The  example  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  and 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS. 


29 


of  holy  men  of  God  proves  that  the  oath  required 
by  the  magistrate  is  not  contrary  to  the  will  of 
God.    (Christ,  Matt.  26  :  63,  64.) 

Heb.  6  :  16.  For  men  verily  swear  by  the  greater:  and  aii 
oath  for  confirmation  is  to  them  an  end  of  all  strife. 

38.  What  is  required  of  you  whenever  you  take  an 
oath  ? 

I  must,  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge,  and  with- 
out regard  to  friend  or  foe,  advantage  or  disadvan 
tage,  speak  the  truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing 
but  the  truth. 

39.  What  kind  of  swearing,  however,  is  forbidden  ? 
.  All  unnecessary  appeals  to  God,  and  false  swear- 
ing, or  perjury. 

Matt.  5  :  34-37.  But  I  say  unto  you,  Swear  not  at  all; 
neither  by  heaven;  for  it  is  God's  throne:  nor  by  the  earth: 
for  it  is  his  footstool :  neither  by  Jerusalem  ;  for  it  is  the  city 
of  the  great  King.  Neither  shalt  thou  swear  by  thy  head,  be- 
cause thou  canst  not  make  one  hair  white  or  black.  But  let 
your  communication  be,  Ye<i,  yea;  Nay,  nay:  for  whatsoever 
is  more  than  these  cometh  of  evil. 

40.  What  is  meant  by  false  swearing,  or  perjury? 
Deliberately,  and  with  a  solemn  appeal  to  God  to 

utter  what  one  knows  to  be  untrue,  or  to  make  a 
promise  that  is  afterwards  wilfully  broken. 

41.  What  guilt  is  incurred  by  one  who  takes  a  false 
oath? 

He  mocks  God's  vengeance;  hinders  the  course 
of  justice  on  earth,  and  pronounces  his  own  sen- 
tence of  condemnation. 

Ezek.  17  :  19.  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God,  As  \ 
live,  surely  mine  oath  that  he  hath  despised,  and  my  covenant 
.hat  he  hath  broken,  even  it  will  I  recompense  upon  his  owe 
head. 

42.  What  is  it  to  "  conjure"  by  God's  name? 
When  any  one  superstitiously,  and  contrary  to 

fche  order  established  bv  God,  uses  the  word  and 
3* 


80  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


works  of  God,  in  order  to  discover  what  God  lias 
concealed,  or  to  attain  what  God  has  withheld. 

Deut.  18  :  10-12.  There  shall  not  be  found  among  you 
any  one  that  inaketh  his  son  or  his  daughter  to  pass  through 
the  fire,  or  that  useth  divination,  or  an  observer  of  times,  or 
an  enchanter,  or  a  witch,  or  a  charmer,  or  a  consulter  with 
familiar  spirits,  or  a  wizard,  or  a  necromancer.  For  all  that 
do  these  things  are  an  abomination  unto  the  Lord:  and  be- 
cause of  these  abominations  the  Lord  thy  God  doth  drive  them 
out  from  before  thee. 

43.  What  is  it  to  "lie"  by  his  name? 

When  any  one  gives  out  as  the  word  of  God,  what 
is  not  the  word  of  God,  and  thereby  leads  men 
astray. 

Gal.  1 :  8.  But  though  we,  or  an  angel  from  heaven,  preach 
any  other  gospel  unto  you  than  that  which  we  have  preached 
unto  you,  let  him  be  accursed. 

44.  What  is  it  to  "deceive"  by  his  name? 

When  any  one  assumes  the  appearance  of  the 
fear  and  love  of  God,  whilst  the  heart  is  far  from 
him. 

2  Tim.  3  :  5.  Having  a  form  of  godliness,  but  denying  the 
power  thereof:  from  such  turn  away. 

45.  How  does  Luther's  explanation  teach  us  how  to 
use  God's  name  properly  f 

We  should  call  upon  him  in  every  time  of  need  ; 
always  offer  filial  prayer ;  praise  him  for  all  his 
glorious  works ;  and  render  thanksgiving  for  all  his 
goodness. 

Ps.  50  :  15.  Call  upon  me  in  the  day  of  trouble :  I  will  de. 
liver  thee,  and  thou  shalt  glorify  me. 

Ps.  103  :  1-4.  Bless  the  Lord,  0  my  soul :  and  all  that  ii 
within  me,  bless  his  holy  name.  Bless  the  Lord,  0  my  soul, 
and  forget  not  all  his  benefits  :  who  forgiveth  all  thine  iniqui- 
ties ;  who  healeth  all  thy  diseases;  who  redeemeth  thy  lifa 
from  destruction  ;  who  crowneth  thee  with  loving  kindness  and 
tender  mercies. 

46.  Why  do 38  God  add  a  special  threat  to  this  com 
mandment? 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS. 


3} 


That  we  may  be  deeply  impressed  with  the  holi 
ness  of  his  name,  and  be  on  our  guard  against  such 
common  and  wicked  sins  of  the  tongue. 

The  Third  Commandment. 

Remember  the  Sabbath-day,  to  keep  it 
holy.  Six  days  shalt  thou  labor  and  do  all 
thy  work ;  but  the  seventh  day  is  the  Sab- 
bath of  the  Lord  thy  God :  in  it  thou  shalt 
not  do  any  work ;  thou,  nor  thy  son,  nor  thy 
daughter,  thy  man-servant,  nor  thy  maid- 
servant, nor  thy  cattle,  nor  thy  stranger  that 
is  within  thy  gates ;  for  in  six  days  the  Lord 
made  heaven  and  earth,  the  sea,  and  all  that 
in  them  is,  and  rested  the  seventh  day 
wherefore  the  Lord  blessed  the  Sabbath-day 
and  hallowed  it. 

What  is  meant  by  this  commandment? 

"We  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  not  to 
despise  his  word  and  the  preaching  of  his 
gospel,  but  deem  it  holy,  and  willingly  hear 
and  learn  it. 

47.  What  is  God's  object  in  giving  us  this  com- 
mandment ? 

That  we  should  set  apart  one  day  in  seven,  as  a 
day  of  rest,  and  keep  it  holy  by  devoting  it  to  com- 
munion with  God  and  divine  things. 

48.  What  day  was  observed  in  the  old  dispensation  ? 
The  seventh  day  of  the  week ;  because  God  rested 

on  the  seventh  day,  and  blessed  and  hallowed  it. 
(Gen.  2:2,  3.) 

49.  Why  do  we  Christians  keep  the  first  day  of  the 
week  ? 

Because  on  this,  "  the  Lord's  day  "  (Rev.  1 :  10.), 


32  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 

the  work  of  redemption  .was  completed  by  the  resur- 
rection of  Christ;  and  his  Church  was  founded  bj 
the  outpouring  of  the  Holy  Ghost.  (Mark  16 ;  Acts  2.) 

50.  When  is  this  day  kept  properly? 

When  we,  together  with  all  the  members  of  oui 
household,  rest  from  all  week-day  labor,  and  sanctify 
the  day  by  communing  with  God  and  the  things  of 
God. 

51.  How  is  this  day  violated  and  profaned  ? 

Not  only  by  week-day  labor,  but  also  by  idleness, 
and  everything  by  which  the  world  and  the  flesh 
are  served,  and  the  worship  of  God  is  hindered  and 
despised. 

52.  What  work,  however,  may  be  performed  on  thia 
day? 

(a)  .  Everything  that  promotes  the  sanctification 
of  the  day. 

(b)  Works  of  love,  by  which  we  serve  God  and 
our  neighbor,  and  not  ourselves. 

(c)  .  Works  of  necessity,  which  can  be  done  neither 
before  nor  afterwards.    (Matt.  12  :  1-13.) 

James  1:  27.  Pure  religion,  and  undefiled  before  God  and 
the  Father,  is  this  :  To  visit  the  fatherless  and  widows  in  their 
affliction,  and  to  keep  himself  unspotted  from  the  world. 

53.  How  is  this  day  profaned  by  despising  God's 
word  and  the  preaching  of  His  gospel  f 

When  we  look  upon  the  preaching  of  the  word 
of  God,  and  communion  with  God  and  his  word,  in 
the  church  and  our  homes,  as  of  no  value,  and  need- 
iessly  neglect  it. 

54.  When,  according  to  Luther's  explanation,  do  we 
really  keep  this  day  holy  ? 

When,  on  this  day,  we  deem  the-  word  and  the 
preaching  of  the  gospel  holy,  as  the  voice  and  powel 
of  God,  and  willingly  and  devoutly  hear  and  learn  it 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS. 


83 


1  Thess.  2:  13.  For  this  cause  also  thank  we  God  without 
ceasing,  because,  when  ye  received  the  word  of  God  which  ye 
heard  of  us,  ye  received  it  not  as  the  word  of  men,  but  as  it 
is  in  truth,  the  word  of  God,  which  effectually  worketh  also  in 
you  that  believe. 

Eccles.  5  :  1.  Keep  thy  foot  when  thou  goest  to  the  house  of 
God,  and  be  more  ready  to  hear,  than  to  give  the  sacrifice  of 
fools. 

Luke  10  :  16.  He  thatheareth  you  heareth  me;  and  he  that 
despiseth  you  despiseth  me  ;  and  he  that  despiseth  me  despiseth 
him  that  sent  me. 

55.  Why  should  we  strive  to  render  a  strict  obedi- 
ence to  this  commandment? 

(a)  .  Because  God  never  suffers  the  profanation  of 
the  Sabbath  to  go  unpunished. 

(b)  .  Because  obedience  to  this  commandment  se- 
cures the  richest  blessings  to  body  and  soul,  to  the 
individual  and  the  family,  to  the  Church  and  the 
State. 

(c)  .  Because  this  day  of  earthly  rest  serves  to 
prepare  us  for  eternity,  and  gives  us  a  foretaste  of 
the  peace  of  another  and  a  better  world. 

56.  Why  do  we,  in  addition  to  the  Lord's  day,  observe 
certain  festivals  of  the  Christian  church  ? 

As,  under  the  old  dispensation,  God  commanded 
the  observance  of  certain  great  festivals,  in  addition 
to  the  Sabbath,  the  Christian  church,  from  the 
most  ancient  times,  instituted  several  annual  festi- 
vals, in  commemoration  of  the  great  facts  of  the 
Redemption,  and  their  proper  celebration  is  always 
blessed.    (See  Appendix,  on  the  Church  Year?) 

THE   SECOND  TABLE. 

Of  Love  to  our  Neighbor. 

57.  What  does  the  second  table  teach  us? 
Tk3  duties  of  love  to  our  neighbor 


34  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


58.  Who  is  your  neighbor? 

Erery  man :  for  God  created  him,  as  well  as  me, 
in  his  own  image. 

The  Fourth  Commandment. 

Honor  thy  father  and  thy  mother,  that 
thy  days  may  be  long  upon  the  land  which 
the  Lord  thy  G-od  giveth  thee. 

What  is  meant  by  this  commandment? 

We  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  not 
to  despise  nor  displease  our  parents  and 
superiors,  but  honor,  serve,  obey,  love,  and 
esteem  them. 

59.  Why  does  this  commandment  occupy  the  first 
place  on  the  second  table  ? 

Because,  among  all  men,  my  "father  and  mother99 
sustain  the  nearest  and  highest  relation  to  me. 

60.  How  does  the  commandment  itself  show  you 
this? 

In  expressly  requiring  me  to  honor  those  to  whom 
I  owe  so  much,  and  whom  God  has  placed  over  me. 

61.  What  conduct  towards  them  is  therefore  for- 
bidden ? 

We  are  not  to  despise  them,  neither  in  our  hearts, 
nor  by  our  conduct,  nor  to  displease  them  by  dis- 
obedience or  a  want  of  affection. 

Prov.  30 :  17.  The  eye  that  niocketh  at  his  father,  and  de- 
gpiseth  to  obey  his  mother,  the  ravens  of  the  valley  shall  pick 
it  out,  and  the  young  eagles  shall  eat  it. 

Deut.  27  :  16.  Cursed  be  he  that  setteth  light  by  his  father 
cr  his  mother.    And  all  the  people  shall  say,  Amen. 

Bxod.  21 :  15.  And  he  that  jmiteth  his  father,  or  his  mother, 
shall  be  surely  put  to  death. 

62.  How  does  Luther's  explanation  teach  us  to  keep 
tills  commandment? 

We  should  honor  them,  by  showing  them  due  re- 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS. 


spect  on  every  occasion.  We  should  seme  /hem,  by 
willingly  assisting  them  in  their  labors,  and  support- 
ing them  in  their  infirmity. 

1  Tim.  5:  4.  Let  them  learn  first  to  show  piety  at  home, 
und  to  requite  their  parents  :  for  that  is  good  and  acceptable 
before  God. 

We  should  obry  them,  by  following  their  word 
and  directions  while  we  are  young,  and  in  after 
years  also  respectfully  listen  to  their  advice,  and 
treasure  up  their  good  lessons  and  example. 

Prov.  1  :  8.  My  son,  hear  the  instruction  of  thy  father,  and 
forsake  not  the  law  of  thy  mother. 

We  should  love  and  esteem  them  as  a  precious 
gift  of  God,  and  hold  them  in  affectionate  remem- 
brance after  their  death. 

63.  Who  are  the  "superiors"  spoken  of  in  the  ex- 
planation ? 

All  who,  in  addition  to  our  parents,  are,  by  God's 
appointment,  set  over  us,  in  the  family,  and  in  the 
school,  in  the  church  and  State. 

Rom.  13  :  7.  Render  therefore  to  all  their  dues  :  tribute  to 
whom  tribute  is  due;  custom  to  whom  custom;  fear  to  whom 
fear;  honor  to  whom  honor. 

64.  In  what  manner  are  we  to  honor  those  who  are 
set  over  us  in  the  family  ? 

Ephes.  6 :  7,  8.  With  good  will  doing  service,  as  to  the 
Lord,  and  not  to  men ;  knowing  that  whatsoever  good  thing 
any  man  doeth,  the  same  shall  he  receive  of  the  Lord,  whether 
he  be  bond  or  free. 

Titus  2  :  9, 10.  Exhort  servants  to  be  obedient  unto  their  own 
masters,  and  to  please  them  well  in  all  things;  not  answering 
again ;  not  purloining,  but  showing  all  good  fidelity ;  that  they 
may  adorn  the  doctrine  of  God  our  Saviour  in  all  things. 

65.  How  are  we  to  honor  those  who  are  set  over  U8 
in  church  and  school? 

Heb.  13  :  17.  Obey  them  that  have  the  rule  over  you,  and 
submit  yourselves:  for  they  watch  for  y^ur  souls,  as  they  that 


36 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


must  give  account,  that  they  may  do  it  with  joy,  and  not  wit* 
grief:  for  that  is  unprofitable  for  ^ou. 

Gal.  6  :  6.  Let  him  that  is  taught  in  the  word  communicaU 
unto  him  that  teacheth  in  all  good  things. 

66.  How  are  we  to  honor  the  civil  authorities  f 

Matt.  22 :  21.  Render  therefore  unto  Cesar  the  things  which 
are  Cesar's ;  and  unto  God  the  things  that  are  God's. 

Rom.  13  :  1-4.  Let  every  soul  be  subject  unto  the  highei 
powers.  For  there  is  no  power  but  of  God :  the  powers  that 
be  are  ordained  of  God.  Whosoever  therefore  resisteth  the 
power,  resisteth  the  ordinance  of  God :  and  they  that  resist 
shall  receive  to  themselves  damnation.  For  rulers  are  not  a 
terror  to  good  works,  but  to  the  evil.  Wilt  thou  then  not  be 
afraid  of  the  power  ?  do  that  which  is  good,  and  thou  shalt  have 
praise  of  the  same  for  he  is  the  minister  of  God  to  thee  for 
good.  But  if  thou  do  that  which  is  evil,  be  afraid  ;  for  he  beareth 
not  the  sword  in  vain  :  for  he  is  the  minister  of  God,  a  revenger 
to  execute  wrath  upon  him  that  doeth  evil. 

67.  How  does  the  word  of  God  teach  us  to  honor 
the  Aged  t 

Lev.  19  :  32.  Thou  shalt  rise  up  before  the  hoary  head, 
and  honor  the  face  of  the  old  man,  and  fear  thy  God:  I  am 
the  Lord. 

68.  But  what  is  to  be  done  when  those  who  are  set 
over  us  require  of  us  what  is  contrary  to  God's  law  ? 

Then,  according  to  the  Bible,  "  We  ought  to  obey 
God  rather  than  men"  (Acts  5  :  29.) 

69.  What  special  distinction  has  God  given  to  this 
commandment? 

On  account  of  its  extraordinary  importance  in  all 
human  relations,  the  Lord  has  added  to  it  a  special 
promise  of  blessing  (Ephes.  6  :  2,  3),  which  shall 
as  certainly  be  fulfilled  in  the  case  of  the  obedient, 
as  God's  curse  will  fall  upon  the  transgressors. 

The  Fifth  Commandment. 

Thou  shalt  not  kill. 

What  is  meant  by  this  commandment? 

We  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  not 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS. 


37 


to  do  our  neighbor  any  bodily  harm  c/r  in« 
jury,  but  rather  assist  and  comfort  him  in 
danger  and  want. 

70.  What  is  God's  object  in  giving  this  command 
ment? 

He  wishes  thereby  to  protect  the  body  and  life 
of  every  man  against  the  arbitrary  interferences:  and 
assaults  of  all  others. 

71.  Why  does  God  do  this? 

Because  God  gives  and  preserves  the  life  (spirit, 
soul,  and  body;  1  Thess.  5  :  23)  of  each  one,  and 
every  such  interference  frustrates  his  wise  designs; 

Because  God  has  created  all  men  members  of  one 
family,  and  no  one,  therefore,  is  authorized  to  sever 
this  family  bond ; 

Because  God  created  every  man  in  his  own 
image,  and  therefore  he  who  slays  a  man  touches 
the  majesty  of  God  himself. 

Gen.  9  :  5,  6.  At  the  hand  of  every  man's  brother  will  I 
require  the  life  of  man.  Whoso  sheddeth  man's  blood,  by  man 
shall  his  blood  be  shed :  for  in  the  image  of  God  ma&a  he 
man. 

72.  What  then  is  forbidden  in  this  commandment? 

To  do  bodily  harm  or  injury  to  ourselves  or  to 
our  neighbor ;  therefore  : 

Murder  and  Suicide,  in  whatever  way  committed ) 
every  injury,  neglect,  and  ill  treatment;  and  every, 
thing  by  which  our  own  or  our  neighbor's  life  may 
be  injuriously  affected. 

73.  Does  this  commandment  merely  forbid  the  out- 
ward act  of  killing. 

No !    For  the  word  of  God  expressly  tells  us, 
u  Whosoever  hateth  his  brother  is  a  murderer." 
(1  John  3  :  15.) 
4 


88  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM 


74.  What  interference  with  human  life  is  not  fop 
bidden  here? 

The  act  of  the  magistrate,  who,  by  God's  com* 
mand,  punishes  the  murderer  with  death.  (Gen 
9  :  6.) 

Rom.  13  :  4.  But  if  thou  do  that  which  is  evil,  be  afraid ; 
for  he  (the  ruler)  beareth  not  the  sword  in  vain  :  for  ho  is  the 
minister  of  God,  a  revenger  to  execute  wrath  upon  him  that 
doeth  evil. 

War,  which,  as  the  last  means  to  maintain  right 
and  justice,  is  not  prohibited. 

The  voluntary  sacrifice  of  our  own  life,  from  love 
to  God  and  our  neighbor. 

1  John  3  :  16.  Hereby  perceive  we  the  love  of  God,  be- 
cause he  laid  down  his  life  for  us :  and  we  ought  to  lay  down 
our  lives  for  the  brethren. 

75.  Is  our  neighbor's  bodily  life  the  only  life  we 
can  injure? 

No  !  By  false  doctrine  and  an  evil  example  one 
may  lead  his  neighbor  into  sin,  and  thus  become 
the  murderer  of  his  soul. 

Matt.  18  :  6,  7.  But  whoso  shall  offend  one  of  these  little 
ones  which  believe  in  me,  it  were  better  for  him  that  a  mill- 
stone were  hanged  about  his  neck,  and  that  he  were  drowned 
in  the  depth  of  the  sea.  Wo  unto  the  world  because  of 
offences  !  for  it  must  needs  be  that  offences  come  j  but  wo  to 
that  man  by  whom  the  offence  cometh  ! 

Ezek-  33  :  8.  When  I  say  unto  the  wicked,  0  wicked  man, 
thou  shalt  surely  die ;  if  thou  dost  not  speak  to  warn  the 
wicked  from  his  way,  that  wicked  man  shall  die  in  his 
iniquity;  but  his  blood  will  I  require  at  thy  hand. 

76  What  is  enjoined  by  this  commandment? 

That  we  should  willingly,  and  to  the  extent  of 
our  ability,  assist  and  comfort  every  one  that  is  in 
danger  or  want,  whether  he  be  friend  or  foe. 

Matt.  5  :  7.  Blessed  are  the  merciful :  for  they  shall  ob- 
tain  mersy 

Matt.  5  44.  But  I  say  unto  you,  Love  your  enemies, 
bless  them  that  curse  you,  do  good  t«  them  that  hate  you,  and 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS.  39 


pray  for  them  which  despitefully  use  you,  and  persecute  you. 
'See  also  Matt.  25  :  35-46.) 

77.  Has  this  commandment  any  bearing  upon  the 
killing  of  animals? 

God  has  given  us  animals  for  food  and  other  pur- 
poses (Gen.  9  :  3),  but  not  that  we  should  doom 
them  to  cruelty  and  destruction. 

Prov.  12  :  10.  A  righteous  man  regardeth  the  life  of  hif 
k  east :  but  the  tender  mercies  of  the  wicked  are  cruel. 

The  Sixth  Commandment. 
Thou  shalt  not  commit  adultery. 

What  is  meant  by  this  commandment? 

We  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  to  be 
chaste  and  pure  in  our  words  and  deeds, 
each  one  also  loving  and  honoring  his  wife 
or  her  husband. 

78.  What  is  God's  object  m  this  commandment? 
He  wishes  thereby  to  guard  the  holy  state  of  mar- 
riage against  all  human  caprice  and  impurity. 

79.  What  is  marriage? 

It  is  the  holy j  divinely  appointed  covenant  between 
one  man  and  one  woman,  in  which  they  live  together 
in  love  and  faithfulness,  until  separated  by  death. 

80.  Why  did  God  institute  this  holy  state  t 

For  the  promotion  of  the  temporal  and  eternal 
happiness  of  both  .husband  and  wife. 

For  the  godly  education  of  the  children  he  gives 
them. 

For  the  maintenance  of  proper  discipline  and  order 
in  the  family  and  the  community. 

Gen.  2 :  18.  And  the  Lord  God  said :  It  is  not  good  thai 
the  man  should  be  alone :  I  will  make  him  an  help  meet  for  him. 

81.  When  only  is  this  object  of  God  attained? 


40  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


When  husband  and  wife  begin  and  continue  cheii 
married  life  in  accordance  with  the  word  of  G  j&. 

82.  How  does  the  word  of  God  admonish  the  mar- 
ried? 

Ephes.  5  :  25.  Husbands,  love  your  vrives,  even  as  Christ 
also  loved  the  church,  and  gave  himself  for  it. 

Col.  3  :  19.  Husbands,  love  your  wives,  and  be  not  bitter 
against  them. 

1  Pet.  3  :  7.  Likewise,  ye  husbands,  dwell  with  them  (the 
wives)  according  to  knowledge,  giving  honor  unto  the  wife,  as 
unto  the  weaker  vessel,  and  as  being  heirs  together  of  the  grace 
of  life  ;  that  your  prayers  be  not  hindered. 

Ephes.  5  :  22.  Wives,  submit  yourselves  unto  ycur  own 
husbands,  as  unto  the  Lord. 

Col.  3  :  18.  Wives,  submit  yourselves  unto  your  own  hus- 
bands, as  it  is  fit  in  the  Lord. 

1  Pet.  3  :  1.  Likewise,  ye  wives,  be  in  subjection  to  your 
own  husbands ;  that,  if  any  obey  not  the  word,  they  also  may, 
without  the  word,  be  won  by  the  conversation  of  the  wives. 

Ps.  127  :  3.  Lo,  children  are  a  heritage  of  the  Lord,  and 
the  fruit  of  the  womb  is  his  reward. 

Ephes.  6:4.  Ye  fathers,  provoke  not  your  children  to 
wrath  ;  but  bring  them  up  in  the  nurture  and  admonition  of 
the  Lord. 

1  Tim.  5  :  8.  But  if  any  provide  not  for  his  own,  and  spe- 
cially for  those  of  his  own  house,  he  hath  denied  the  faith,  and 
is  worse  than  an  infidel. 

83.  How  is  the  holy  covenant  of  marriage  broken? 
Not  only  when  one  of  the  parties  bestows  his  or 

her  impure  affections  upon  some  other  person,  but 
also  by  cruel  treatment  and  malevolent  desertion. 

Matt.  5  :  28.  But  I  say  unto  you,  That  whosoever  looketh 
o-n  a  woman  to  lust  after  her,  hath  committed  adultery  with 
her  already  in  his  heart. 

84.  For  what  cause  only  does  our  Saviour  permit  ft 

divorce  f 

For  the  cause  of  fornication  (adultery). 

Matt.  5  :  32  But  I  say  unto  you,  that  whosoever  shall 
put  away  his  wife,  saving  for  the  cause  of  fornication,  causeth 
her  to  commit  adultery  ;  and  whosoevei  shall  marry  her  that  if 
divorced  committeth  adultery. 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS. 


41 


85.  How  does  God  punish  the  violation  of  this  holy 
covenant? 

By  shame  and  misery,  in  time  and  eternity ;  by 
the  accusations  of  conscience,  the  wreck  of  domestic 
bliss,  and  the  disturbance  of  all  the  relations  of  ife 
in  society  at  large. 

Heb.  13  :  4  Marriage  is  honorable  in  all,  and  the  bed 
uridefiled ;  but  whoremongers  and  adulterers  God  will  judge. 

86.  But  what  does  this  commandment  enjoin  upon 
all,  the  married  and  unmarried  ? 

"  To  be  chaste  and  pure  in  words  and  deeds." 

87.  How  can  you  do  this? 

When  I  keep  my  heart  free  from  impure  thoughts 
and  fleshly  desires. 

When  I  abstain  from  unclean  conversation  and 
shameless  jests. 

When  I  hate  and  forsake  all  deeds  of  un chastity 
and  impurity. 

88.  How  does  the  word  of  God  warn  us  against  such 
sins  ? 

Ephes.  5  :  3-4.  But  fornication,  and  all  uncleanness  or 
covetousness,  let  it  not  be  once  named  among  you,  as  becometh 
saints  ;  neither  filthiness,  nor  foolish  talking,  nor  jesting,  which 
are  not  convenient;  but  rather  giving  of  thanks. 

1  Cor.  6  :  19-20.  What  ?  know  ye  not  that  your  body  is  the 
temple  of  the  Holy  Ghost  which  is  in  you,  which  ye  have  of 
God,  and  ye  are  not  your  own  ?  For  ye  are  bought  with  a 
price:  therefore  glorify  God  in  your  body,  and  in  your  spirit, 
which  are  God's. 

Gal.  5  :  19-21.  Now  the  works  of  the  flesh  are  manifest, 
which  are  these:  adultery,  fornication,  uncleanness,  lascivious- 

ness,  of  the  which  I  tell  you  before,  as  I  have  also 

told  you  in  time  past,  that  they  which  do  such  things  shall  not 
inherit  the  kingdom  of  God. 

89.  What  are  the  penalties  of  uncleanness? 

A  ruined  body,  a  poisoned  soul,  shameful  disease, 
and  an  early  death. 

1.  Cor.  3  :  17.    If  anj  man  defile  the  temple  of  God.  him 
4* 


4:2  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHI8M. 


shall  God  destroy;  for  the  temple  of  God  is  holy,  which  templi 
ye  are. 

90.  What  causes  specially  lead  to  and  promote  such 
sins  ? 

Intemperance,  idleness,  evil  company,  bad  litera- 
ture, indecent  songs  and  pictures,  and  everything 
that  incites  to  impurity. 

Rom.  13  :  13-14.  Let  us  walk  honestly,  as  in  the  day;  no* 
in  rioting  and  drunkenness,  not  in  chambering  and  wantonness, 
not  in  strife  and  envying.  Butputye  on  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ, 
and  make  not  provision  for  the  flesh,  to  fulfil  the  lusts  thereof. 

1  Cor.  15  :  33.  Be  not  deceived;  evil  communications  cor- 
rupt good  manners. 

Prov.  23  :  29-33.  Who  hath  wo?  who  hath  sorrow?  who 
hath  contentions  ?  who  hath  babbling  ?  who  hath  wounds  with- 
out cause?  who  hath  redness  of  eyes?  They  that  tarry  long 
at  the  wine  :  they  that  go  to  seek  mixed  wine.  Look  not  thou 
upon  the  wine  when  it  is  red,  when  it  giveth  his  color  in  the 
eup,  when  it  moveth  itself  aright.  At  the  last  it  biteth  like  a 
serpent,  and  stingeth  like  an  adder.  Thine  eyes  shall  behold 
strange  women,  and  thy  heart  shall  utter  perverse  things. 

91.  How  shall  we  best  succeed  in  resisting  such 
temptations  ? 

When  we  take  to  heart  the  words  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  saying:  u  Watch  and  pray,  that  ye 
enter  not  into  temptation :  the  spirit  indeed  is  will- 
ing, but  the  flesh  is  weak!'  (Matt.  26  :  41  ) 

The  Seventh  Commandment. 

Thou  shalt  not  steal. 

What  is  meant  by  this  commandment? 

We  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  not 
to  rob  our  neighbor  of  his  money  or  pro- 
perty, nor  bring  it  into  our  possession  by 
unfair  dealing  or  fraudulent  means,  bu^ 
rather  assist  him  to  improve  and  protect  it 

92.  What  is  God's  object  in  this  commandment  ? 
To  secure  his  rightfu\  pi  operty  to  every  man 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS. 


43 


93.  Why  is  the  Lord  thus  careful  to  do  this? 
Because  the  life-support  of  every  individual,  and 

the  order  and  welfare  of  society  depend  upon  it. 

94.  How  can  we  acquire  rightful  property  ? 
Under  the  blessing  of  God,  by  means  of  godly 

labor,  and  frugality  free  from  covetousness ;  and 
also  by  inheritance  or  gift. 

95.  But  how  does  it  come  that  some  acquire  much, 
and  others  little  f 

Because  God  distributes  according  to  his  own 
pleasure,  but  always  with  a  wise  and  gracious  pur- 
pose. 

1  Sam.  2  :  7.  The  Lord  maketh  poor,  and  maketh  rich:  ho 
bringeth  low,  and  lifteth  up. 

Matt.  20  :  15.  Is  it  not  lawful  for  me  to  do  what  I  will  with 
mine  own  ?    Is  thine  eye  evil,  because  I  am  good  ? 

Prov.  22  :  2.  The  rich  and  poor  meet  together:  the  Lord  is 
the  maker  of  them  all. 

96.  What  does  the  word  of  God  say  to  the  rich? 
Ps.  62  :  10.  If  riches  increase,  set  not  your  heart  upon 

hem. 

1  Tim.  6  :  17,  18,  19.  Charge  them  that  are  rich  in  this 
frorld,  that  they  be  not  high-minded,  nor  trust  in  uncertain 
riches,  but  in  the  living  God,  who  giveth  us  richly  all  things  to 
enjoy  ;  that  they  do  good,  that  they  be  rich  in  good  works, 
ready  to  distribute,  willing  to  communicate;  laying  up  in  store 
for  themselves  a  good  foundation  against  the  time  to  come,  that 
they  may  lay  hold  on  eternal  life. 

Luke  12  :  15.  Take  heed,  and  beware  of  covetousness:  for  a 
man's  life  consisteth  not  in  the  abundance  of  the  things  which 
he  possesseth. 

Mark  10  :  24,  25.  Children,  how  hard  is  it  for  them  that  trust 
in  riches  to  enter  into  the  kingdom  of  God  !  It  is  easier  for  a 
eamel  to  go  through  the  eye  of  a  needle,  than  for  a  rich  man  to 
enter  into  the  kingdom  of  God. 

97.  What  does  the  word  of  God  say  to  the  poor  f 
Prov.  15  :  16,  17.  Better  is  little  with  the  fear  of  the  Lord, 

than  great  treasure  and  trouble  therewith.  Better  is  a  dinner 
of  herbs  where  love  is,  than  a  stalled  ox  and  hatred  therewith. 

James  2  :  5.  Hearken,  my  beloved  brethren,  Hath  not  God 
Chosen  the  poor  of  this  world  rich  in  faith,  and  heirs  of  the 
kingdom  which  he  hath  promised  to  them  that  lo  'e  bim  ? 


44         EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHIfeM 


Vs.  37  :  25.  I  have  been  young,  and  now  am  old;  yet  hav* 
I  not  seen  the  righteous  forsaken,  nor  his  seed  begging  bread. 

98.  What  should  we  ask  of  the  Lord,  poverty  oi 
riches  f 

Neither;  as  we  read, 

Prov.  30  :  7-9.  Two  things  have  I  required  of  thee;  oe-nj 
me  them  not  before  I  die :  Remove  far  from  me  vanity  and 
lies  ;  give  me  neither  poverty  nor  riches  ;  feed  me  with  food  co«- 
venient  for  me;  lest  I  be  full,  and  deny  thee,  and  say,  Who  is 
the  Lord  ?  or  lest  I  be  poor,  and  steal,  and  take  the  name  of  my 
God  in  vain. 

99.  What  is  forbidden  in  this  commandment? 
Stealing,  or  every  unlawful  appropriation  of  mtj 

neighbor's  property. 

100.  In  what  ways  is  this  sin  committed  ? 

By  robbery,  which  violently  seizes  and  carries  off 
♦.he  property  of  another. 

By  theft,  which  takes  it  away  secretly. 

By  fraud,  which  cunningly  takes  advantage  of 
another,  by  unfair  dealing  and  fraudident  means. 
(Lev.  19  : 11,  35,  36;  1  Thess.  4:6;  Prov.  11  : 1.) 

101.  In  what  ways  is  the  sin  of  fraud  most  fre- 
quently committed  ? 

By  concealing  stolen  or  lost  property;  appro- 
priating or  neglecting  anything  entrusted  to  our 
keeping;  usury,  gaming,  refusing  wages  that  are 
due,  unfaithful  labor,  bribery,  a  spirit  of  litigation, 
beggary,  evasion  of  taxes,  and  the  like. 

102.  What  leads  men  into  such  sins? 
Idleness,  extravagance,  avarice,  covetousness,  and 

envy. 

Ephes.  4  :  28.  Let  him  that  stole  steal  no  more :  but  rather 
let  him  labor,  working  with  his  hands  the  thing  whbh  is  good, 
that  he  may  have  to  give  to  him  that  needeth. 

1  Tim.  6 :  9,  10.  But  they  that  will  be  rich  fall  into  tempta- 
tion and  a  snare,  and  into  many  foolish  and  hurtful  lusts,  which 
drown  men  in  destruction  and  perdition.  For  the  love  of  monej 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS. 


45 


Is  the  root  of  all  evil:  which  while  some  oveted  after,  ihev 
have  erred  frtm  the  faith,  and  pierced  themselves  through  with 
many  sorrows. 

103.  What  should  be  done  by  him  who  h&s  fraudur 
lently  acquired  any  of  his  neighbor's  property  ? 

He  should  restore  it,  in  sincere  repentance,  a* 
Zaccheus  did.    (Luke  19  :  8.) 

104.  What  does  the  word  of  God  say  to  those  who 
break  this  commandment? 

Habak.  2  :  6.  Wo  to  him  that  increaseth  that  which  is  not 
his!  how  long?  and  to  him  that  ladeth  himself  with  thick  clay! 

Prov.  15  :  6.  In  the  house  of  the  righteous  is  much  treasure  : 
but  in  the  revenues  of  the  wicked  is  trouble. 

1  Cor.  6  :  8-10.  Nay,  ye  do  wrong,  and  defraud,  and  that 
your  brethren.  Know  ye  not  that  the  unrighteous  shall  not 
inherit  the  kingdom  of  God  ?  Be  not  deceived  :  neither  forni- 
cators, nor  idolators,  nor  adulterers,  nor  effeminate,  nor  abusers 
of  themselves  with  mankind,  nor  thieves,  nor  covetous,  nor 
drunkards,  nor  revilers,  nor  extortioners,  shall  inherit  the  king: 
dom  of  God. 

105.  What  is  enjoined  upon  us  in  this  command- 
ment? 

We  should  assist  our  neighbor  to  improve  aid 
protect  his  property. 

106.  When  is  this  done  by  us? 

When  we  cordially  desire  the  lawful  increase  of 
our  neighbor's  property,  and  help  him  towards  it; 
and 

When,  to  the  extent  of  our  ability,  we  hasten  to 
assist  him,  by  word  and  deed,  when  he  is  in  need 

1  Pet.  4  :  10.  As  every  man  hath  received  the  gift,  even  so 
minister  the  same  one  to  another,  as  good  stewards  of  the  mani- 
fold grace  of  God. 

Isa.  58  :  7.  Is  it  not  to  deal  thy  bread  to  the  hungry,  and 
that  thou  bring  the  poor  that  are  cast  out  to  thy  house?  when 
thou  seest  the  naked,  that  thou  cover  him ;  and  that  thou  hide 
lot  thyself  from  thine  own  flesh? 

Zleb.  13  :  16.  But  to  do  good  and  to  communicate  forget 
Dot :  for  witfi  such  sacrifices  God  is  well  pleased. 

Airaham,  Gen.  14  :  11-16;  The  good  Samaritan,  Luke  10. 


46  EXFLANA1I0N  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 

The  Eighth  Commandment. 

Thou  shalt  not  bear  false  witness  against 
thy  neighbor. 

What  is  meant  by  this  commandment? 

"We  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  no 
deceitfully  to  belie,  betray,  slander  (or  back- 
bite), nor  raise  injurious  reports  against  our 
neighbor,  but  apologize  for  him,  speak  well 
of  him,  and  put  the  most  charitable  con- 
struction on  all  his  actions. 

107.  What  is  God's  object  in  this  commandment? 
To  protect  the  good  name  of  every  one,  and  tc 

secure  truthfulness  among  all. 

108.  Why  is  the  Lord  anxious  to  protect  our  good 

name  f 

Because  the  good  name,  honor  or  reputation  of 
every  man  is  an  invaluable  blessing. 

Prov.  22  :  1.  A  good  name  is  rather  to  be  chosen  than 
great  riches,  and  loving  favor  rather  than  silver  and  gold. 

109.  Why  does  he  wish  to  secure  truthfulness  f 
Because  without  it  confidence  and  hon^r  are  at 

an  end. 

110.  What  do  you  mean  by  "witness t" 

Any  statement  made  by  me,  concerning  a  person 
or  thing,  whether  before  a  magistrate,  or  in  daily 
life. 

111.  What  kind  of  witness  is  forbidden  by  thie 
3ommandment  ? 

False  witness — falsehood — i.  e.  stating  tb^t  whiclj 
I  know  is  not  so. 

112.  How,  according  to  Luther's  explanation,  i& 
false  witness  borne  ? 

When  we  "  deceitfully  belie,  betray,  slander  (or 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS. 


47 


hackbite),  and  raise  injurious  reports  against  out 
neighbor  K 

113.  What  is  it  to  "deceitfully  belie  "  our  neighbor? 
Intentionally,  by  words  or  signs,  to  conceal  the 

truth  from  him. 

Ephes,  4  :  25.  Wherefore  putting  away  lying,  speak  every 
man  truth  with  his  neighbor:  for  we  are  members  one  of  another. 

114.  What  is  it  to  "betray?" 

When  we  unkindly  reveal  his  secrets,  and  abuse 
the  confidence  he  has  reposed  in  us. 

Prov.  11  :  13.    A  tale-bearer  revealeth  secrets  :  but  he  thai 
is  of  a  faithful  spirit  concealeth  the  matter. 
Judas  Iscariot,  Matt.  26  :  14-16. 

115.  What  is  meant  by  "slandering"  or  backbiting  f 
To  speak  to  our  neighbor's  injury,  behind  his 

back,  that  which  we  are  afraid  to  say  to  his  face. 

Prov.  6  :  12-14.  A  naughty  person,  a  wicked  man,  walketh 
with  a  froward  mouth.  He  winketh  with  his  eyes,  he  speaketh 
with  his  feet,  he  teacheth  with  his  fingers;  frowardness  is  in 
his  heart,*  he  deviseth  mischief  continually;  he  soweth  discord. 

116.  What  is  it  to  "raise  injurious  reports?" 

To  raise  and  spread  abroad  false  reports  concern- 
ing our  neighbor. 

Ps.  15  :  1-3.  Lord,  who  shall  abide  in  thy  tabernacle?  who 
shall  dwell  in  thy  holy  hill?  He  that  walketh  uprightly,  and 
worketh  righteousness,  and  speaketh  the  truth  in  his  heart.  He 
that  backbiteth  not  with  his  tongue,  nor  doeth  evil  to  his  neigh- 
bor, nor  taketh  up  a  reproach  against  his  neighbor. 

117.  What  is  enjoined  upon  us  in  this  command- 
ment? 

We  should  "  apologize  for  our  neighbor,  speak 
well  o  f  him  y  and  put  the  most  charitable  construction 
on  all  his  actions. 

118.  What  is  meant  by  apologizing  for  our  neighbor? 
To  seek  to  save  his  good  name,  whenever  attacked, 

as  far  as  we  can  do  so  in  accordance  with  truth. 


4-8  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM 


Prow  31  :  8,  9.  Open  thy  inouO  for  the  dumb  in  the  cai\*t 
of  all  such  as  are  appointed  to  destruction.  Open  thy  mouth, 
judge  righteously,  and  plead  the  cause  of  the  poor  and  needy. 

Isa.  5  :  20.  Wo  unto  them  that  call  evil  good,  and  good 
evil;  that  put  darkness  for  light,  and  light  for  darkness  ;  that 
Dut  bitter  for  sweet,  and  sweet  *br  bitter ! 

119.  What  is  it  to  "speak  well  of  him?" 

To  speak  rather  of  his  good  qualities  than  of  his 
faults. 

Jonathan,  1  Sam.  19  :  4-6 ;  Barnabas,  Acts  9  :  26,  27. 

120.  What  is  it  to  "put  the  most  charitable  con- 
struction on  all  his  actions  ?  " 

For  the  sake  of  love  and  peace  to  give  the  mildest 
and  kindest  explanation  of  all  he  does  and  says. 

1  Pet.  4  :  8.  And  above  all  things  have  fervent  charity 
among  yourselves  :  for  charity  shall  cover  the  multitude  of  sins. 

Matt.  7  :  1,  2.  Judge  not,  that  ye  be  not  judged.  For  with 
what  judgment  ye  judge,  ye  shall  be  judged:  and  with  what 
measure  ye  mete,  it  shall  be  measured  to  you  again. 

121.  How  are  we  to  be  careful  of  our  own  good  name? 

In  such  a  way  as  to  seek  to  please,  not  only  men, 
but  God,  and  by  shunning  all  hypocrisy  and  vanity. 

Luke  6  :  26.  Wo  unto  you,  when  all  men  shall  speak  well 
of  you ! 

1  Cor.  4  :  3,  4.  But  with  me  it  is  a  very  small  thing  that  I 
should  be  judged  of  you,  or  of  man's  judgment:  yea,  I  judge 
not  mine  own  self.  For  I  know  nothing  by  myself;  yet  am  I 
not  hereby  justified  :  but  he  that  judgeth  me  is  the  Lord. 

122.  How  shall  we  best  succeed  in  complying  with 
his  commandment? 

When  we  heartily  hate  and  renounce  all  lying  as 
oi  :he  devil 

John  S  :  44.  Ye  are  of  your  father  the  devil,  and  the  lust? 
of  ycur  father  ye  will  do.  He  was  a  murderer  from  the  begin- 
ning, and  abode  not  in  the  truth,  because  there  is  no  truth  in 
him.  When  he  speaketh  a  lie,  he  speaketh  of  his  own  *  for  h* 
ig  a  Mar,  and  the  father  of  it. 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS. 


49 


THE  NINTH  AND  TENTH  COMMANI MENTS 

The  Ninth  Commandment 

Thou  shalt  not  covet  thy  neighbor's  housa 

What  is  meant  by  this  commandment? 

We  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  not  to 
desire  by  craftiness  to,  gain  possession  of 
our  neighbor's  inheritance  or  home,  or  to 
obtain  it  under  the  pretext  of  a  legal  right : 
but  be  ready  to  assist  and  serve  him  in  the 
preservation  of  his  own. 

The  Tenth  Commandment. 

Thou  shalt  not  covet  thy  neighbor's  wife, 
nor  his  man-servant,  nor  his  maid-servant, 
nor  his  ox,  nor  his  ass,  nor  any  thing  that  is 
thy  neighbor's. 

What  is  meant  by  this  commandment? 

We  should  so  fear  and  love  God  as  not  to 
alienate  our  neighbor's  wife  from  him,  entice 
away  his  servants,  nor  let  loose  his  cattle, 
but  use  our  endeavors  that  they  may  remain 
and  discharge  their  duty  to  him. 

123.  What  is  God's  object  in  these  two  command 
ments  ? 

He  would  thereby  still  further  secure  my  neigh 
bor's  right  to  his  own,  and  forbid  to  me  not  only  the 
outward  act  of  sin,  but  also  the  sinful  desires  of  ttu 
heart. 

124.  Why  can  we  take  these  two  commandment! 
together  in  our  explanation  ? 

Because  both  speak  of  coveting  or  desiring 


t)0  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


125.  Why  does  God  give  us  this  double  prohibition 
against  coveting  ? 

Because  we  are  neither  outwardly  nor  inwardly 
to  "  have  fellowship  with  the  unfruitful  works  of 
darkness/'    (Ephes.  5  :  11.) 

Because  the  outward  act  of  sin  proceeds  from  th 
evil  lust  within. 

Because  this  evil  lust,  which  is  present  in  every 
man,  seeks  to  entice  and  tempt  him  to  sin. 

1  Sam.  16:7.  For  man  looketh  on  the  outward  appearance, 
but  the  Lord  looketh  on  the  heart. 

Matt.  5  :  8.  Blessed  are  the  pure  in  heart:  for  they  shall 
gee  God. 

Matt.  15  :  19.  For  out  of  the  heart  proceed  evil  thoughts, 
murders,  adulteries,  fornications,  thefts,  false  witness,  bias 
phemies. 

Gen.  8  :  21 ;  James  1  :  14-16. 

126.  From  whence  does  this  evil  lust  come  ? 
From  the  inborn  depravity  of  our  nature,  which 

we  all  have  inherited,  in  consequence  of  Adam's  fall 

127.  How  does  this  evil  lust  exhibit  itself  in  refer 
ence  to  that  which  belongs  to  our  neighbor  ? 

In  this,  that,  prompted  by  covetousness  or  envy, 
I  seek  to  gain  possession  of  his  property  by  crafti- 
ness, or  under  the  pretext  of  a  legal  right ;  or  that  I 
strive  to  render  those  belonging  to  him  unfaithful. 

128.  How,  on  the  other  hand,  does  Luther's  expla- 
nation teach  us  to  treat  our  neighbor  ? 

To  assist  and  serve  him  in  the  preservation  ofhk 
own,  and  to  vse  our  endeavors  that  those  who  belong 
to  him  may  remain  and  discharge  their  duty  to  film. 

129.  Can  we  eradicate  this  inborn  lust  from  cui 
heart? 

No,  for  we  cannot  create  ourselves  anew. 

John  3  :  6.  That  which  is  born  of  the  flesh  is  flesh;  and 
that  which  is  born  of  the  Spirit  is  spirit. 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS 


51 


Jer.  13  :  23.  Can  the  Ethiopian  change  his  skin,  or  tht 
leopard  his  spots  ?  then  may  ye  also  do  good,  that  are  accus 
tomed  to  do  evil. 

130.  But  what  can  aiid  should  we  do  against  it? 
Remembering  that  God  is  everywhere  present, 

Ne  should  watch  the  slightest  evil  motion  of  ouf 
heart,  and  with  prayer  and  firm  will  suppress  it. 

Jer.  17  :  9,  10.  The  heart  is  deceitful  above  all  things,  and 
lesperately  wicked:  who  can  know  it?  I  the  Lord  search  the 
leart,  I  try  the  reins,  even  to  give  every  man  according  to  his 
ways,  and  according  to  the  fruit  of  his  doings. 

Matt.  26  :  41.  Watch  and  pray,  that  ye  enter  not  into 
temptation :  the  spirit  indeed  is  willing,  but  the  flesh  is  weak. 

Ps.  51  :  10.  Create  in  me  a  clean  heart,  0  God;  and  renew 
i  right  spirit  within  me. 

Prov.  4  :  23.  Keep  thy  heart  with  all  diligence;  for  out  of 
X  are  the  issues  of  life. 

Matt.  15  :  19,  20. 

We  should  earnestly  and  carefully  shun  every 
jccasion  and  inducement  to  evil  desires. 

Prov.  1  :  10.  My  son,  if  sinners  entice  thee,  consent  thou 
iot. 

1  Cor.  15  :  33.  Be  not  deceived:  evil  communications  cor- 
lupt  good  manners. 

Prov.  19  :  27.  Cease,  my  son,  to  hear  the  instruction  thai 
causeth  to  err  from  the  words  of  knowledge. 

131.  If  we  neglect  this  what  will  be  the  certain 
result? 

We  come  under  the  dreadful  bondage  of  sin ; 
burden  and  harden  our  consciences;  and  bring 
upon  ourselves  shame  aud  misery,  in  time  and 
eternity. 

John  8  :  34.  Whosoever  committeth  sin  is  the  servant  of^, 
Bin.    James  1  :  14,  15.    2  Pet.  2  :  19. 

132.  Why  does  the  whole  law  close  with  these  twa 
commandments  ? 

In  order  that  we  may  realize  that  only  a  truly 
converted  heart  fears  and  loves  God  above  all 
things;  takes  delight  in  that  which  is  good,  and 
Jceeps  the  commandments  of  God.  (Matt.  22  :  37-40.) 


52  EXPLANATION  01   THE  CATECHISM. 


CONCLUSION  OF  THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS 

What  does  God  declare  concerning  all  these  com- 
mandments ? 

He  says:  " I  the  Lord  thy  God  am  a 
jealous  God,  visiting  the  iniquity  of  the 
fathers  upon  the  children  unto  the  third 
and  fourth  generation  of  them  that  hate 
me  :  and  showing  mercy  unto  thousands  ol 
them  that  love  me,  and  keep  my  com- 
mandments.'' 

What  is  meant  by  this  declaration? 

God  threatens  to  punish  all  those  who 
transgress  these  commandments;  we  should 
therefore  dread  his  displeasure,  and  not  act 
contrarily  to  these  commandments.  But 
he  promises  grace  and  every  blessing  to  all 
who  keep  them ;  we  should,  therefore,  love 
and  trust  in  him,  and  cheerfully  do  what  he 
has  commanded  us. 

133.  Why  does  the  Lord  here  call  himself  a  "jealous 
God?" 

Because  he  is  full  of  holy  abhorrence  against  sin, 
and  righteous  displeasure  against  sinners ;  but  also 
of  benignant  love  towards  those  who  keep  his  com- 
mandments. 

134.  What  is  sin? 

All  transgression  of  the  divine  law,  in  thought^ 
word,  and  deed. 

1  John  3  :  4.    For  sin  is  the  transgression  of  the  law. 

135.  What  does  God  do  against  sin  or  iniquity  ? 

He  visits  it  in  that  he  punishes  "  all  who  trans- 
gress these  commandments  " 


THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS. 


58 


136.  How  does  God  punish  transgressors  ? 

Outwardly  with  suffering,  wretchedness,  and 
death ;  inwardly  with  fear  and  the  stings  of  con- 
science )  and  finally  with  eternal  damnation ;  all  of 
which  the  Holy  Scriptures  include  in  the  word 
death, 

Ezek.  18  :  4.    The  soul  that  sinneth,  it  shall  die. 

Rom.  6  :  23.    For  the  wages  of  sin  is  death. 

Horn.  1  :  18.  For  the  wrath  of  God  is  revealed  from  heaven 
against  all  ungodliness  and  unrighteousness  of  men,  who  hold 
the  truth  in  unrighteousness. 

Rom.  2  :  8,  9.  But  unto  them  that  are  contentious,  and  do 
not  obey  the  truth,  but  obey  unrighteousness,  indignation  and 
wrath,  tribulation  and  anguish,  upon  ever$  soul  of  man  that 
doeth  evil. 

Isa.  48  :  22.  There  is  no  peace,  saith  the  Lord,  unto  the 
wicked. 

Gal.  6:7,  8.  Be  not  deceived;  God  is  not  mocked:  for 
whatsoever  a  man  soweth,  that  shall  he  also  reap.  For  he 
that  soweth  to  his  flesh,  shall  of  the  flesh  reap  corruption  ;  but 
he  that  soweth  to  the  Spirit  shall  of  the  Spirit  reap  life  ever- 
lasting. 

137.  Upon  what  "children"  will  God  visit  the  in- 
iquity of  the  fathers  ? 

Upon  such  as  also  hate  him,  tread  in  the  foot- 
steps of  their  wicked  parents,  and  help  to  fill  the 
measure  of  their  sins. 

138.  But  what  shall  be  done,  if  the  children  do  not 
hate  God? 

They  indeed  suffer  many  things,  on  account  of 
their  wicked  parents,  in  their  property,  loch/,  oi 
reputation,  according  to  the  laws  fixed  by  God  foi 
the  government  of  this  world;  but  these  sufferings 
are  not  to  be  regarded  as  judgments. 

Ezek.  18  :  20.  The  soul  that  sinneth,  it  shall  die.  The 
son  shall  not  bear  the  iniquity  of  the  father,  neither  shall  the 
father  bear  the  iniquity  of  the  son  :  the  righteousness  of  the 
righteous  shall  be  upon  him,  and  the  wickedness  of  the  wicked 
shall  be  upon  him. 
5* 


64  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM 


133  What  are  God's  purposes  in  dealing  with  them 
in  this  manner? 

By  means  of  sufferings  God  draws  his  children 
nearer  to  himself,  and  educates  them  for  heaven. 

Heb.  12  :  6.  For  whom  the  Lord  loveth  he  chasteneth,  and 
icourgeth  every  son  whom  he  receiveth. 

James  1  :  12.  Blessed  is  the  man  that  endureth  temptation  : 
for  when  he  is  tried,  he  shall  receive  the  crown  of  life,  which 
the  Lord  hath  promised  to  them  that  love  him. 

Rom.  8  :  28."  And  we  kn«w  that  all  things  work  together 
for  good  to  them  that  love  God,  to  them  who  are  the  called 
according  to  his  purpose. 

140.  What  does  God  promise  to  those  who  love  him 
and  keep  his  coiflmandments  ? 

"  Grace  and  every  blessing"  in  time  and  eternity. 

141.  What  does  the  promise  that  he  will  show  mercy 
"unto  thousands"  teach  us? 

That  although  God  must  punish,  he  will  a  thou- 
sand times  rather  show  mercy. 

Ps.  103  :  11.  For  as  the  heaven  is  high  above  the  earth,  so 
great  is  his  mercy  toward  them  that  fear  him. 

Joel  2  :  13.  Turn  unto  the  Lord  your  God  :  for  he  is  graciou? 
and  merciful,  slow  to  anger,  and  of  great  kindness,  and  repent- 
eth  him  of  the  evil. 

142.  What  have  we  deserved  to  receive  from  God? 

Not  the  blessing,  but  the  punishment,  because  we 
have  often  transgressed  the  holy  commandments  of 
God,  in  thought,  word,  and  deed, 

143.  Why  have  we  transgressed  God's  command 
ments? 

They  are  holy  and  perfect;  and  we,  on  account 
of  the  power  of  sin  in  us,  are  unable  to  keep  them. 

Rom.  7  :  12.  Wherefore  the  law  is  holy,  and  the  command- 
ment holy,  and  just,  and  good. 

Rom.  7  :  14.  For  we  know  that  the  law  is  spir'tual:  but  I 
am  carnal,  sold  under  sin. 


THE  APOSTLES  CREED. 


55 


Rom.  7  :  18,  19.  For  I  know  that  in  me  (that  ib  in  my 
flesh)  dwelleth  no  good  thing:  for  to  will  is  present  with  me; 
but  how  to  perform  that  which  is  good  I  find  not.  For  the 
good  that  I  would,  I  do  not:  but  the  evil  which  I  would  not, 
that  I  do. 

144.  As  this  is  so,  of  what  use  are  the  command- 
merits? 

They  do  not  save  us,  but  they  lead  us  to  a  know- 
ledge of  our  sin,  and  thus  become  our  schoolmaster 
to  bring  us  unto  Christ. 

Deut.  27  :  26.  Cursed  be  he  that  confirmeth  not  all  the 
words  of  this  law  to  do  them.  And  all  the  people  shall  say, 
Amen. 

James  2  :  10.  For  whosoever  shall  keep  the  whole  law,  and 
yet  offend  in  one  point,  he  is  guilty  of  all.* 

Gal.  3:11.  But  that  no  man  is  justified  by  the  law,  in  the 
sight  of  God,  it  is  evident:  for,  The  just  shall  live  by  faith. 

Rom.  3  :  20.    For  by  the  law  is  the  knowledge  of  sin. 

Gal.  3  :  24.  Wherefore  the  law  was  our  schoolmaster  to 
bring  us  unto  Christ,  that  we  might  be  justified  by  faith. 

145.  How  then  are  we  saved? 

By  the  grace  of  God  in  Christ  through  faith,  by 
which  we  receive  the  forgiveness  of  sin  and  a  new  life. 

146.  Where  does  our  Catechism  give  further  in- 
struction concerning  this? 

In  the  second  part,  which  teaches  me  what,  and 
hoio  I,  as  a  Christian,  must  believe. 


PART  II. 

THE  APOSTLES'  CREED; 
(or,  the  articles  of  the  christian  faith.) 

147.  What  do  you  mean  by  the  Apostles'  Creed  ? 

The  confession  of  the  Christian  faith,  as  believed 
and  confessed  by  all  Christians,  from  the  days  of  the 
Apostles 


56 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CA'LECIIISM 


148.  Of  what  use  is  this  Creed? 

In  it  we  learn  and  confess  what  a  Christian  must 
believe  in  order  to  be  saved,  and  have  a  constant 
testimony  against  all  who  believe  and  teach  other- 
wise. 

149.  Is  it  sufficient  if  we  receive  this  Creed  as  tniet 
No,  for  a  mere  intellectual  faith  is  a  dead  faith  \ 

but  if  we  receive  it  with  our  whole  heart,  our  faith 
becomes  a  living  faith,  and  acceptable  to  God. 

150.  Of  how  many  Articles  does  the  Apostles1  Creed 
consist  ? 

Of  three,  according  to  the  Three  Persons,  Father, 
Son,  and  Holy  Ghost,  in  which  the  only  true  God 
has  revealed  himself  as  a  Triune  God. 

151.  Can  our  reason  comprehend  the  doctrine  of  the 
Holy  Trinity  f 

No !  It  is  an  unfathomable  mystery,  which  must 
be  believed  upon  the  authority  of  the  word  of  God. 

THE  FIRST  ARTICLE. 

Of  Creation. 

I  believe  in  God  the  Father  Almighty, 
Maker  of  heaven  and  earth. 

What  is  meant  by  this  article? 

I  believe  that  God  hath  created  me  and 
all  that  exists ;  that  he  hath  given  and  still 
preserves  to  me  my  body  and  soul  with  all 
my  limbs  and  senses,  my  reason  and  all  the 
faculties  of  my  mind,  together  with  my 
raiment,  food,  home  and  family,  and  all  my 
property ;  that  he  daily  provides  me  abun- 
dantly with  all  the  necessaries  of  life,  pro- 
tects me  from  all  danger,  and  preserves  me 


THE  APOSTLES'  CREED. 


57 


fc^id  guards  me  against  all  evil;  all  which 
he  does  out  of  pure,  paternal,  and  divine 
goodness  and  mercy,  without  any  merit  or 
worthiness  in  me ;  for  all  which  I  am  in  duty 
'bound  to  thank,  praise,  serve,  and  obey  him. 
This  is  most  certainly  true. 

152.  What  do  you  mean  by  saving :  "I  believe  in 
God?" 

T  thereby  confess  my  firm  conviction  that  God  is. 
and  my  confidence  in  him,  as  my  God. 

153.  If  the  Bible  told  you  nothing  of  God,  how, 
nevertheless,  might  you  know  that  God  is? 

By  the  works  of  God  in  Creation,  by  the  voice  of 
God  in  conscience,  and  by  the  belief  in  the  existence 
of  God,  common  to  all  nations. 

Ps.  19  :  1-3.  The  heavens  declare  the  glory  of  God ;  and  the 
firmament  showeth  his  handy  work.  Day  unto  day  uttereth 
speech,  and  night  unto  night  showeth  knowledge.  There  is  no 
no  speech  nor  language  where  their  voice  is  not  heard. 

Rom.  1  :  19,  20.  Because  that  which  may  be  known  of  God 
is  manifest  in  them;  for  God  hath  showed  it  unto  them.  For 
the  invisible  things  of  him  from  the  creation  of  the  world  are 
clearly  seen,  being  understood  by  the  things  that  are  made, 
even  his  eternal  power  and  Godhead  ;  so  that  they  are  without 
excuse. 

Rom.  2  : 14,  15.  For  when  the  Gentiles,  which  have  not  the 
law,  do  by  nature  the  things  contained  in  the  law,  these,  having 
not  the  law,  are  a  law  unto  themselves ;  which  show  the  work 
of  the  law  written  in  their  hearts,  their  conscience  also  bearing 
witness,  and  their  thoughts  the  meanwhile  accusing  or  else 
excusing  one  another. 

Ps.  14 : 1.  The  fool  hath  said  in  his  heart,  There  is  no  God. 

154.  But  what  does  the  Bible  tell  you  of  God? 

God  is  the  sum  total  of  all  perfections,  an  un- 
created, spiritual  being,  eternal,  almighty,  omnipre- 
sent, omniscient,  all-wise,  holy,  righteous,  true, 
faithful,  kind,  patient,  long-suffering,  gracious,  and 
merciful 


S>8 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


Matt.  6:13.  For  thine  is  the  kingdom,  and  the  powei  and 
the  glory,  for  ever. 

155.  Why  do  you  here  call  God  the  "  Father?" 
Because  this  article  speaks  of  the  first  person  in 

the  Godhead,  in  distinction  from  the  Son  and  fioin 
the  Holy  Ghost. 

156.  Why  do  you  call  him  "  Maker  of  heaven  and 
earth?" 

Because  He,  by  his  almighty  word,  brought  forth 
the  whole  world,  with  all  animate  and  inanimate, 
visible  and  invisible  creatures,  out  of  nothing,  "  and 
it  was  very  good." 

Rom.  4  :  17.  God,  who  quickeneth  the  dead,  and  ealleth 
those  things  which  be  not  as  though  they  were. 

Heb.  11  :  3.  Through  faith  we  understand  that  the  worlds 
were  framed  by  the  word  of  God,  so  that  things  which  are  seen 
were  not  made  of  things  which  do  appear. 

Gen.  1. 

157.  Which  are  the  noblest  of  God's  creatures  ? 
The  angels  in  heaven,  and  men  on  the  earth. 

158.  What  are  the  angels? 

Glorious  spirits,  without  flesh  and  blood,  created 
by  God,  in  order  that  they  may  praise  him,  serve  the 
children  of  men,  and  be  eternally  happy. 

159.  How  are  we  to  conduct  ourselves  towards 
them? 

We  are  not  to  worship  them,  but  learn  of  them 
how  to  praise  God,  and  to  serve  him  and  our  fellow- 
men.  (Rev.  19  :  10;  Exod.  20  :  3-5.) 

160.  Of  what  other  angels  does  the  Bitle  alsc 
speak  ? 

Of  bad  angels,  who,  having  fallen  from  the  state 
of  holiness  and  blessedness,  blaspheme  God,  hinder 
all  that  is  good,  and  lay  snares  for  the  bodies  and 
souls  of  men,  as  far  as  God  suffers  them  to  do  so 
(2  Pet.  2:4:  Jude  6 ;  Ephes.  6:11,  12.) 


THE  APOSTLES'  CREED. 


59 


161.  What  does  the  Bible  tell  us  about  tieir  chief  ? 
It  calls  him  Satan,  i.  e.  the  adversary ;  Devi\ 

i.  e.  the  accuser;  the  god  of  this  world,  the  de- 
stroyer, tempter,  liar  and  murderer  from  the  be- 
ginning. 

1  Pet.  5  :  8,  9.  Be  sober,  be  vigilant;  because  your  adver 
§ary  the  devil,  as  a  roaring  lion,  walketh  about,  seeking  whom 
he  may  devour :  whom  resist  steadfast  in  the  faith. 

162.  "Why  does  man  occupy  the  highest  place  among 
all  the  creatures  of  the  earth  ? 

Because  God  not  only  gave  him  a  most  admirable 
body,  and  rational  soul,  but  created  him  in  his  own 
image. 

Gen.  1  :  27.  God  created  man  in  his  own  image,  in  the  image 
of  God  created  he  him. 

163.  In  what  did  this  image  of  God  consist? 

In  an  undimmed  knowledge  of  the  good  and  true; 
in  holiyiess  of  heart  and  freedom  of  will ;  in  do- 
minion over  all  other  creatures;  in  hajyiiness  and 
immortality. 

Col.  3  :  10.  And  have  put  on  the  new  man,  which  is  re- 
newed in  knowledge  after  the  image  of  him  that  created  him. 

Ephes.  4  :  24.  And  that  ye  put  on  the  new  man,  which  after 
God  is  created  in  righteousness  and  true  holiness. 

Gen.  1  :  27. 

164.  Did  man  retain  this  image  of  God? 

No !  for  yielding  to  the  temptation  of  the  devil, 
man,  of  his  own  will,  transgressed  the  command- 
ment of  God,  and  thereby  fell  from  his  gloriou? 
fitate.  (Gen.  3  :  1-7.) 

165.  What  were  the  consequences  of  this  fall? 
That  all  men,  with  our  first  parents,  lost  the  image 

of  God,  and  have  fallen  into  a  state  of  sinfulne&s  and 
guiltiness  in  the  sight  of  God. 

166.  What  name  do  we  give  to  this  state  into  which 
man  has  fallen  I 


60         EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 

Original  sin,  or  that  corruption  of  our  naturt 
which  renders  us  impotent  and  indisposed  in  regard  to 
all  that  is  good,  and  inclined  to  all  that  is  evil. 

167.  Is  there  nothing  to  deliver  man  out  of  this 
state  ? 

Yes !  Almighty  God,  our  merciful  Father,  has' 
eent  into  the  world  the  Redeemer,  promised  already 
in  the  garden  of  Eden,  so  that  through  him  the 
image  of  God  might  be  restored  in  man. 

John  3  :  16.  For  God  so  loved  the  world,  that  he  gave  his 
only  begotten  Son,  that  whosoever  believeth  in  him  should  not 
perish,  but  have  everlasting  life. 

168.  What  does  Luther's  explanation  teach  you  by 
saying  that  God  "  still  preserves"  what  he  created? 

That  all  that  has  been  called  into  being  by  the 
almighty  will  of  God,  also  continues  to  exist  by  the 
same ;  and  abides  in  the  salutary  order  established 
by  him. 

169.  In  what  do  you  see  that  God  thus  preserves  all  ? 
In  this,  "  that  he  daily  provides  me  and  all  crea- 
tures abundantly  with  all  the  necessaries  of  life." 

170.  Does  God  merely  preserve  the  world? 

He  also  governs  it;  for  neither  great  nor  small 
things  happen  without  his  will  or  permission ;  and, 
in  spite  of  all  hindrances,  he  carries  out  his  great 
and  blessed  designs. 

171.  How  do  you  experience  this  divine  government 
of  the  world  ? 

In  this,  that  he  "  protects  me  from  all  danger,  and 
preserves  and  guards  me  against  all  evil." 

172.  But  when  misfortunes  come  upon  us  should  we 
therefore  doubt  the  providence  of  God  ? 

By  no  means  !  For  although  the  ways  of  God  are 
frequently  incomprehensible  on  account  of  our  short- 


THE  APOSTLES'  CREED 


61 


eightedness,  we  nevertheless  confidently  believe  .hat 
God  doeth  all  things  well. 

Isa.  55  :  8-9.  For  my  thoughts  are  not  your  thoughts,  neither 
are  your  ways  my  ways,  saith  the  Lord.  For  as  the  heavens  are 
aigher  than  the  earth,  so  are  my  ways  higher  than  your  ways, 
and  my  thoughts  than  your  thoughts. 

John  13  :  7.  What  I  do  thou  knowest  not  now ;  but  thoil 
shalt  know  hereafter. 

Job  1  :  21.  The  Lord  gave,  and  the  Lord  hath  taken  a^ay  * 
blessed  be  the  name  of  the  Lord. 

173.  What  does  all  that  Almighty  God,  your  Cr^tor, 
has  done  for  you  reveal  ? 

His  "  pure,  paternal,  and  divine  goodness  and 
mercy,"  and  so  much  the  more,  because  I  receive  it 
all  "  without  any  merit  or  worthiness  in  me." 

Gen.  32  :  10.  I  am  not  worthy  of  the  least  of  all  the  mer- 
cies, and  of  all  the  truth  which  thou  hast  showed  unto  thy 
servant. 

Luke  17  :  10.  So  likewise  ye,  when  ye  shall  have  done  ^11 
those  things  which  are  commanded  you,  say,  We  are  unprofit- 
able servants :  we  have  done  that  which  was  our  duty  o  do. 

174.  What,  therefore,  are  you  in  duty  bound  to  re)# 
der  unto  him? 

To  thank  and  praise  him  with  all  my  heart>  af  d 
to  serve  and  obey  him  with  my  body  and  soul. 

Ps.  103  :  2.  Bless  the  Lord,  0  my  soul,  and  forget  not  ai' 
his  benefits. 

Rom.  12  :  1.  I  beseech  you,  therefore,  brethren,  by  the 
mercies  of  God,  that  ye  present  your  bodies  a  living  sacrifice, 
holy,  acceptabe  unto  God,  which  is  your  reasonable  service. 

1  Cor.  6  :  20.  Therefore  glorify  God  in  your  body,  and  in 
vour  spirit,  which  are  God's. 

175.  What  do  you  confirm  by  the  closing  words  of 
ihe  explanation,  "This  is  most  certainly  true?" 

That  with  all  my  heart  I  believe  all  this  as  fully 
in  accordance  with  the  word  of  God,  and  feel  my- 
self bound  to  obey  it. 


6 


52         EXPLANATION   OF  TIIE  CATECHISM. 

THE  SECOND  ARTICLE. 

Of  Redemption. 

And  in  Jesus  Christ  his  only  Son,  oui 
Lord :  who  was  conceived  by  the  Holy  Ghost, 
born  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  suffered  under 
Pontius  Pilate,  was  crucified,  dead  and 
buried :  he  descended  into  hell :  the  third 
day  he  rose  again  from  the  dead :  he  ascended 
into  heaven,  and  sitteth  on  the  right  hand 
of  God  the  Father  Almighty :  from  thence 
he  shall  come  to  judge  the  quick  and  the 
dead. 

What  is  meant  by  this  article? 

I  believe  that  Jesus  Christ,  true  God,  be- 
gotten of  the  Father  from  eternity,  and  also 
true  man,  born  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  is  my 
Lord :  who  hath  redeemed  me,  a  lost  and  con- 
demned creature,  secured  and  delivered  me 
from  all  sins,  from  death,  and  from  the  power 
of  the  devil,  not  with  silver  and  gold,  but 
with  his  holy  and  precious  blood  and  with 
his  innocent  sufferings  and  death ;  in  order 
that  I  might  be  his,  live  under  him  in  his 
kingdom,  and  serve  him  in  everlasting  right- 
eousness, innocence  and  blessedness,  even  as 
he  is  risen  from  the  dead  and  lives  and  reigns 
to  all  eternity.    This  is  most  certainly  true. 

176.  Of  what  does  this  article  treat? 

"  Of  the  Redemption"  that  is  in  Christ  Jesus. 

Rom.  3  ;  24.  Being  justified  freely  by  hh  grace,  through  th« 
redemption  that  is  in  Christ  Jesus. 

177.  Whc  is  Jesus  Christ? 

God,  tire  Son,  "true  God,  begotten  of  the  Father 


THE  APOSTLES'  CREED 


6b 


frcm  eternity,  and  also  true  man,  born  of  the  Virgin 
Mary.1' 

178.  Why  does  Luther,  in  the  explanation,  say  thai 
Jesus  Christ  is  "true  God?" 

Because  the  Holy  Scriptures  expressly  ?all  him 
God,  and  ascribe  to  him  divine  attributes,  works,  and 
honor. 

John  20  :  28.  And  Thomas  answered  and  said  unto  him, 
My  Lord  and  my  God. 

1  John  5  :  20.  Jesus  Christ.  This  is  the  true  God,  and 
eternal  life. 

Rom.  9  :  5.  Christ,  who  is  over  all,  God  blessed  for  ever. 
Amen. 

John  8  :  58.  Jesus  said  unto  them,  Verily,  verily  I  say  unto 
you,  before  Abraham  was,  I  am. 

Matt.  28  :  18.  And  Jesus  came  and  spake  unto  them,  saying, 
All  power  is  given  unto  me  in  heaven  and  in  earth. 

Matt.  28  :  20.  Lo,  I  am  with  you  alway,  even  unto  the  end 
of  the  world. 

Col.  1  :  16,  17.  For  by  him  were  all  things  created,  that 
are  in  heaven,  and  that  are  in  earth,  visible  and  invisible, 
whether  they  be  thrones,  or  dominions,  or  principalities,  or 
powers  :  all  things  were  created  by  him,  and  for  him  :  and  he 
is  before  all  things,  and  by  him  all  things  consist. 

Heb.  1  :  6.  And  again,  when  he  bringeth  in  the  first- 
begotten  into  the  world,  he  saith,  And  let  all  the  angels  of  God 
worship  him. 

John  5  :  23.  That  all  men  should  honor  the  S:>n,  even  as 
they  honor  the  Father. 

179.  And  why  that  Jesus  Christ  is  true  man? 
Because  the  Holy  Scriptures  expressly  call  him 

the  Son  of  man  and  man,  and  ascribe  to  him  a  body 
and  soul,  such  as  all  men  have. 

180.  How  does  it  appear  that  he  had  a  body  and 
soid  like  other  men  ? 

Because  he  could  be  born,  increase  in  age  and 
stature,  suffer  hunger,  thirst,  weariness,  pain  and 
death,  and  mourned  and  rejoiced,  even  as  we  do. 

Luke  2  :  40,  52;  Matt.  4:2:  John  19  :  28;  Mat*-  *  ?  24/ 
John  11  :  33-36;  Matt.  26  :  37,  3*;  Luke  10  :  21 


64  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


181.  But  in  what  respect  does  Christ,  although  ht 
was  a  man  like  ourselves,  differ  from  us  ? 

In  this,  that  he  alone  of  all  that  bore  our  human 
mature  is  without  sin. 

Heb.  4  :  15.  (He)  was  in  all  points  tempted  like  as  we  are, 
yet  without  sin. 

John  8  :  46.    Which  of  you  eonvinceth  me  of  sin  ? 

2  Cor.  5  :  21.  For  he  hath  made  him  to  be  sin  for  us,  wh 
Knew  no  sin. 

1  Pet.  2  :  22.  Who  did  no  sin,  neither  was  guile  found  in 
his  mouth. 

Heb.  7  :  26.  For  such  an  high-priest  became  us,  who  is 
holy,  harmless,  undented,  separate  from  sinners,  and  made 
higher  than  the  heavens. 

182.  If  Christ  then  is  true  God  and  true  man,  what 

do  you  learn  from  this  ? 

That  he  unites  in  himself,  in  one  person,  the  two 
natures,  human  and  divine;  therefore  he  is  the 
"  God-man." 

183.  Why  was  it  necessary  that  Christ  should  be 
man  and  God  in  one  person? 

Had  he  been  God  only,  he  could  not  have  taken 
my  misery  upon  himself;  and  had  he  been  Man 
only,  he  would  have  had  no  glory  to  bestow  upon 
me. 

Had  he  been  God  only,  his  merit  would  not  be- 
long to  me  ;  and  if  he  had  been  Man  only,  he  could 
not  have  acquired  any  merit  to  bestow  upon  me. 

184.  What  does  the  Apostles'  Creed  further  teach 
is  concerning  the  Person  of  Christ  ? 

It  speaks  of  it  according  to  the  two  states  of  hu 
miliation  and  exaltation.    (Philip.  2  :  6—11.) 

185.  In  what  did  Christ's  state  of  humiliation 
consist  ? 

In  this  that  he  voluntarily  denied  himself  the 
we  of  the  full  divine  glory  which  he  had. 


THE  APOSTLES'  CREED.  6$ 

186.  What  belongs  to  the  state  of  humiliation  f 
His  whole  life  in  the  form  of  a  servant  —  from 

the  manyer  to  the  grave,  as  it  is  presented  to  is  in 
the  Creed,  in  five  grades. 

187.  What  is  the  first  grade  in  the  state  »f  .zu 
miliation  ? 

That  He,  "  conceived  by  the  Holy  Ghost,  and 
vzrn  of  the  Virgin  Mary"  entered  into  human 
poverty  and  lowliness,  in  which  he  continued  unto 
his  end.  {Christmas?) 

188.  What  is  the  second  grade? 

That  he,  during  his  whole  life,  and  especially 
under  Pontius  Pilate,  suffered  inexpressibly,  in  body 
and  soul. 

189.  What  is  the  third  grade? 

That  he  "  was  crucified  "  and  thus  endured  the 
most  shameful  punishment  of  malefactors,  and  the 
most  excruciating  pain. 

190.  What  is  the  fourth  grade  ? 

That  He  also,  who  is  the  Prince  of  life,  "  was 
dead,"  and  suffered  the  proper  punishment  of  sin. 
{Good  Friday.) 

191.  What  is  the  fifth  grade? 

That  He  too  was  "  buried,"  so  that  his  holy  body 
lay  in  the  place  in  which  our  sinful  bodies  return 
to  corruption. 

192.  Was  Christ's  glory  entirely  concealed  during 
this  state  of  humiliation? 

No ;  for  it  manifested  itself  in  his  perfect  holi- 
ness, in  his  miracles,  and  in  his  words  of  eternal 
We. 

John  3  :  2.    Rabbi,  we  know  that  thou  art  a  teacher  come 
from  God    for  no  man  can  do   these  miracles  that  thou 
does^  except  G  )d  be  with  him 
6* 


66  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECiIISM 

John  1  :  14.  And  the  Word  was  made  flesh,  and  dwelt 
among  us  (and  we  beheld  his  glory,  the  glory  as  of  the  only 
begotten  of  the  Father),  full  of  grace  and  truth. 

John  6  :  68.  Lord,  to  whom  shall  we  go?  thou  hast  th<} 
words  of  eternal  life. 

John  7  :  46.  The  officers  answered,  Never  man  spake  Ukj 
this  man. 

193.  In  what  does  the  state  of  exaltation  consist? 
In  this 7  that  Christ,  after  accomplishing  the  woik 

of  redemption,  resumed  the  full  use  of  divine  ma- 
jesty and  power,  and  thereby  glorified  human  na 
ture  in  his  person.    (Philip.  2  :  9-11.) 

194.  What  is  the  first  grade  in  the  state  of  ex- 
altation f 

Christ's  descent  into  hell,  i.  e.  that  Christ,  while 
his  body  was  reposing  in  the  grave,  u  by  the  Spirit 
went  and  preached  unto  the  spirits  in  prison." 
(1  Pet.  3  :  19.) 

195.  What  is  the  second  grade  of  exaltation  ? 
That  Christ,  on  the  third  day,  "rose  again  from 

the  dead  "  with  his  now  glorified  body,  and  thereby 
manifested  himself  as  the  conqueror  of  sin,  death, 
and  hell.  (Easter.) 

196.  What  is  the  third  grade? 

That  Christ,  on  the  fortieth  day  after  his  resur- 
rection, and  in  the  presence  of  his  disciples,  really 

ascended  into  heaven/'  that  he  might  fill  all  things. 
(Ascension  Day.) 

Ephes.  4  :  10.  He  that  descended  is  the  same  alsc  that 
ascended  up  far  above  all  heavens,  that  he  might  fill  all  things. 

197.  What  is  the  fourth  grade,  or  the  sitting  on  the 
Hght  hand  of  Godf 

That  Christ,  the  glorified  God -man,  reigns  with 
his  Almighty  Father,  being  like  unto  him  in  eternal 
power  and  glory. 

Ephes.  1  :  20  -23.  Which  he  wrought  in  Christ,  when  he 
rais«d  him  from  the  dead,  and  set  him  at  his  own  right  hand 


THE  APOSTLES'  CEEED. 


67 


m  the  heavenly  places,  far  above  all  principality,  and  power, 
and  might,  and  dominion,  and  everjr  name  that  is  named,  no4 
only  in  this  world,  but  also  in  that  which  is  to  come;  and  hath 
put  all  things  under  his  feet,  and  gave  him  to  be  the  head  ovel 
all  things  to  the  church,  which  is  his  body,  the  fulness  of  him 
that  filleth  all  in  all. 

198.  What  is  the  fifth  grade? 

That  Christ,  as  the  Son  of  Man,  will  return, 
visibly  and  in  glory,  at  the  last  day,  and  will  bring 
about  the  grand  consummation  of  his  kingdom  by 
a  final  judgment  of  the  living  and  the  dead. 

199.  Why  was  it  necessary  that  the  Son  of  God 
should  thus  be  humbled  and  exalted? 

That  he  might  be  the  Redeemer  of  the  world,  and 
the  Mediator  between  God  and  man. 

Luke  24  :  26.  Ought  not  Christ  to  have  suffered  these  things, 
and  to  enter  into  his  glory  ? 

Rom.  4  :  25.  Who  was  delivered  for  our  offences,  and  was 
raised  again  for  our  justification. 

1  Tim.  2  :  5,  6.  For  there  is  one  God,  and  one  mediator 
between  God  and  men,  the  man  Christ  Jesus;  who  gave  him- 
self a  ransom  for  all,  to  be  testified  in  due  time. 

Rom.  14  :  9.  For  to  this  end  Christ  both  died,  and  rose, 
and  revived,  that  he  might  be  Lord  both  of  the  dead  and  living. 

200.  What  names  therefore  are  given  to  the  Son  of 
God? 

The  name  "Jesus"  i.  e.  Saviour,  Redeemer,  which 
Was  given  to  him  in  his  circumcision ;  and  the  name 
"  Christ"  i.  e.  the  Anointed  of  God  (Messiah),  which 
is  already  mentioned  in  the  Old  Testament  as  the 
official  name  of  the  promised  Deliverer. 

Matt.  1  :  21.  And  she  shall  bring  forth  a  son,  and  thou 
lhalt  call  his  name  Jesus :  for  he  shall  save  his  people  from 
their  sins. 

Acts  4  :  12.  Neither  is  there  salvation  in  any  other:  for 
there  is  none  other  name  under  heaven  given  among  men, 
thereby  we  must  be  saved. 

Dan.  9  :  26 ;  John  1  :  41. 

201.  What  is  Christ's  office  t 

The  mediatorial  office,  which  is  threefold,  viz:  a 


68  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATEOHIfcM. 


prophetical,  a  sacerdotal  (priestly),  and  regal 
kingly  office. 

202.  What  was  the  office  of  a  prophet  ? 

To  proclaim  what  God  wished  to  have  revealed. 

203.  How  did  Christ  discharge  this  office? 

He  in  the  most  perfect  manner,  by  teaching  and 
prophesying,  has  told  us  all  that  we  must  know  in 
order  to  be  saved,  and  became  our  pattern  in  all 
things. 

Deut.  18  :  18,  19.  I  will  raise  them  up  a  Prophet  from 
among  their  brethren,  like  unto  thee,  and  will  put  my  worda 
in  his  mouth ;  and  he  shall  speak  unto  them  all  that  I  shall 
command  him.  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  whosoever  will 
not  hearken  unto  my  words  which  he  shall  speak  in  my  name, 
I  will  require  it  of  him. 

John  6  :  68,  69.  Lord,  to  whom  shall  we  go?  thou  hast  the 
words  of  eternal  life.  And  we  believe  and  are  sure  that  thou 
art  that  Christ,  the  Son  of  the  living  God. 

John  8  :  12.  Then  spake  Jesus  again  unto  them,  saying,  I 
am  the  light  of  the  world:  he  that  followeth  me  shall  not  walk 
in  darkness,  but  shall  have  the  light  of  life. 

John  14  :  6.  Jesus  saith  unto  him,  I  am  the  way,  the  truth, 
and  the  life:  no  man  cometh  unto  the  Father,  but  by  me. 

John  15  :  15.  For  all  things  that  I  have  heard  of  my  Father 
I  have  made  known  unto  you. 

204.  How  does  Christ  still  continue  to  discharge  this 
office? 

By  sending  forth  his  servants  to  preach  his  gospel 
until  the  end  of  time. 

Matt.  28  :  19,  20.  Go  ye  therefore,  and  teach  all  nations, 
baptizing  them  in  the  name  of  the  Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and 
of  the  Holy  Ghost;  teaching  them  to  observe  all  things  what- 
soever I  have  commanded  you. 

Ephes.  4  :  11,  12.  And  he  gave  some,  apostles;  and  some, 
prophets ;  and  some,  evangelists ;  and  some,  pastors  and  teachers ; 
for  the  perfecting  of  the  saints,  for  the  work  of  the  ministry, 
Cor  the  edifying  of  the  body  of  Christ. 

2  Cor.  5  :  20.  Now  then  we  are  ambassadors  for  Christ,  ai 
though  God  did  beseech  you  by  us:  we  pray  you  ii  Christ' 
stead,  be  ye  reconciled  to  God. 


THE  APOSTLES'  CREED.  69 

205.  What  was  the  office  of  a  priest  ? 

The  Offering  of  Sacrifices,  Intercession,  and  Bene- 
diction. 

206.  Why  did  God  appoint  the  offering  of  sacrifices 
:n  the  Old  Testament  f 

For  the  purpose  ol  constantly  reminding  the  peo- 
ple :  (a)  that  they  were  sinful  and  guilty  in  the  sight 
of  God )  (b)  that  satisfaction  must  be  rendered  to  a 
righteous  God ;  and  (c)  that  "  without  shedding  (.£ 
blood  is  no  remission."  (Heb.  9  :  22.  See  also 
Exodus). 

207.  For  what  purpose  was  the  high-priest  appointed  ? 
In  order  that  he,  as  the  chief  of  all  the  priests, 

might  be  a  type  of  him,  who,  by  one  all-sufficient 
offering,  has  effected  a  perfect  atonement,  viz. :  Christ. 

208.  In  what  does  Christ's  sacerdotal  office  consist? 
In  this,  that  he  really  offered  satisfaction  to  Godr 

continually  maketh  intercession  for  us,  and  blesses  us. 

209.  How  did  the  Saviour  offer  satisfaction  f 

(a).  By  perfectly  fulfilling  the  law;  which  no 
typical  high-priest,  or  any  other  human  being  could 
do. 

(h).  By  offering  the  one  all-sufficient,  holy  sacrifice 
for  sin,  which  had  been  prefigured  by  the  sacrifices 
of  the  Old  Testament. 

Heb.  7  :  26-27.  For  such  a  high-priest  became  us,  who  is 
holy,  harmless,  undented,  separate  from  sinners,  and  made 
higher  than  the  heavens  ;  who  needeth  not  daily,  as  those  high* 
priests,  to  offer  up  sacrifices  first  for  his  own  sins,  and  then  for 
the  people's :  for  this  he  did  once,  when  he  offered  up  himself. 

210.  What  did  he  offer  as  this  sacrifice? 
Himself,  upon  the  cross,  as  upon  the  altar  of  sac- 
rifice. 

1  Pet.  2  .  24.  Who  his  own  self  bare  our  sins  in  his  own 
body  on  the  tree,  that  we,  being  dead  to  sins,  should  live  unto 
righteousness  :  by  whose  stripes  ye  were  healed. 


70         EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM 


211.  How  does  Christ  still  discharge  his  saeerd<ta3 
office? 

He  intercedes  for  us  with  the  Father,  in  virtue  of 
his  own  all-sufficient  merit,  and  blesses  us  with  all 
things  needful  for  our  salvation. 

Rom.  8  :  34.  Who  is  he  that  condemneth  ?  It  is  Christ  th 
died,  yea,  rather,  that  is  risen  again,  who  is  even  at  the  rigL 
hand  of  God,  who  also  maketh  intercession  for  us. 

1  John  2:1.  If  any  man  sin,  we  have  an  advocate  with  the 
Father,  Jesus  Christ,  the  righteous. 

Ephes.  1  :  3.  Blessed  be  the  God  and  Father  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  who  hath  blessed  us  with  all  spiritual  blessings  in 
heavenly  places  in  Christ. 

212.  What  do  we  owe  Christ  as  our  High-priest? 
We  should   seek  reconciliation  with  God  only 

through  Christ's  sacrifice,  and  beware  of  despising 
it,  as  those  do  who  sin  wilfully,  or  fall  into  false 
doctrine. 

Heb.  10  :  26-27.  For  if  we  sin  wilfully  after  that  we  have 
received  the  knowledge  of  the  truth,  there  remaineth  no  more 
sacrifice  for  sins,  but  a  certain  fearful  looking  for  of  judgment 
and  fiery  indignation,  which  shall  devour  the  adversaries. 

213.  In  what  does  the  regal  office  of  Christ  consist? 
In  this,  that  He,  as  the  king  of  kings,  rules  in  his 

kingdom  of  power,  grace,  and  glory,  overcomes  his 
enemies,  and  gloriously  accomplishes  all  things  for 
the  advancement  of  his  people  and  the  honor  of  his 
name. 

Luke  1  :  33.  And  he  shall  reign  over  the  house  of  Jacob 
for  ever ;  and  of  his  kingdom  there  shall  be  no  end. 

John  18  :  36.  Jesus  answered :  My  kingdom  is  not  of  this 
world. 

1  Cor  15  :  25.  For  he  must  reign,  till  he  hath  put  all  enemiea 
under  his  feet. 

Matt.  28  :  18.  All  power  is  given  unto  me  in  heaven  and  in 
earth. 

214.  What  two  points  are  prominently  set  before  us 
in  Luther's  explanation  of  this  second  article  of  the 
creed  ? 

First  What  Christ  is  to  me  and  has  done  for  me , 


THE  APOSTLES'  CREED. 


7) 


and  secondly ,  what  I  ought  to  be  to  him,  and  How  1 
Bhould  thank  and  glorify  him  by  my  life 

215.  What,  then,  do  you  acknowledge  Christ  to  be 
to  you  ? 

I  confess  that  he  "  is  my  Lord" 
2L6.  Why  do  you  call  him  your  Lord? 
Not  only  because  He,  as  the  eternal  Son  of  God, 
is  Lord  over  all,  but  especially  because  he  "  hath 
redeemed,  me,  a  lost  and  condemned  creature,  secured 
and  delivered  me  from  all  sins,  from  death,  and  from 
the  power  of  the  devil" 

217.  Why  do  you  call  yourself  a  lost  and  condemned 
creature  ? 

Because  I  had  gone  astray  from  the  good  way  of 
God,  and  had  fallen  under  his  displeasure,  and  under 
the  dominion  of  sin,  death,  and  the  devil. 

Isa.  53  :  6.  All  we  like  sheep  have  gone  astray  :  we  have 
turned  every  one  to  his  own  way. 

1  Pet.  2  :  25.    For  ye  were  as  sheep  going  astray. 

Ephes.  2  :  3.  And  were  by  nature  the  children  of  wrath, 
eren  as  others. 

218.  Are  you  still  such  a  lost  and  condemned  crea- 
ture? 

No  !  For  my  Lord  and  Saviour,  Jesus  Christ,  has 
redeemed,  secured,  and  delivered  me  from  all  sins, 
from  death,  and  from  the  power  of  the  devil. 

219.  In  how  far  from  all  sins? 

Not  that  there  is  no  longer  any  sin  in  me,  but  he 
has  purchased  for  me  forgiveness  for  all  my  sin  and 
yuilt,  and  freedom  from  the  bondage  of  sin. 

2  Cor.  5  :  21  For  he  hath  made  him  to  be  sin  for  us,  who 
mew  no  sin ;  that  we  might  be  made  the  righteousness  of  (?od 
in  him. 

Rom.  6  :  14.  For  sin  shall  not  have  dominion  over  you : 
for  ye  are  not  under  the  law,  but  under  grace. 

1  John  1 :  7.  And  the  blood  of  Jesus  Christ,  his  Son.  cleansetb 
as  from  all  sin. 


72 


i  (ill 

EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


220.  In  how  far  from  death? 

Not  that  I  shall  not  die,  but  he  has  delivered  me 
from  the  misery  of  spiritual  death,  from  the  fear  of 
bodily  death,  and  from  the  bitter  pains  of  eternal 
death. 

Ephes.  2  :  5.  Even  when  we  were  dead  in  sins  (God),  hath 
quickened  us  together  with  Christ. 

John  11  :  25,  26.  Jesus  said  unto  her,  I  am  the  resurrec- 
tion, and  the  life  :  he  that  believeth  in  me,  though  he  were 
dead,  yet  shall  he  live:  and  whosoever  liveth  and  believeth  in 
me  shall  never  die. 

Philip.  1  :  23.  For  I  am  in  a  strait  betwixt  two,  having  a 
desire  to  depart,  and  to  be  with  Christ;  which  is  far  better. 

1  Cor.  15  :  55,  57.    0  death,  where  is  thy  sting?    0  grave, 

where  is  thy  victory?  But  thanks  be  to  God,  which  giveth 

us  the  victory  through  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

221.  In  how  far  from  the  power  of  the  devil  f 

Not  that  he  is  no  longer  able  to  tempt  and  trouble 
sue,  but  he  no  longer  has  any  right  to  me,  or  power 
over  me. 

1  John  3  :  8.  For  this  purpose  the  Son  of  God  was  mani- 
fested, that  he  might  destroy  the  works  of  the  devil. 

Heb.  2  :  14,  15.  Forasmuch  then  as  the  children  are  par 
takers  of  flesh  and  bloOd,  he  also  himself  likewise  took  part  of 
the  same;  that  through  death  he  might  destroy  him  that  had 
the  power  of  death,  that  is,  the  devil;  and  deliver  them  who 
through  fear  of  death  were  all  their  lifetime  subject  to 
bondage. 

John  10  :  27,  28.  My  sheep  hear  my  voice,  and  I  know 
them,  and  they  follow  me  :  and  I  give  unto  them  eternal  life  ; 
and  they  shall  never  perish,  neither  shall  any  man  pluck  them 
out  of  my  hand. 

222.  With  what  did  Christ  accomplish  all  this  ? 

"  Not  with  silver  and  gold,  but  with  his  holy  and 
precious  blood,  and  with  his  innocent  sufferings  and 


1  Pet.  1  :  18,  19.  Forasmuch  as  ye  know  that  ye  were  not 
redeemed  with  corruptible  things,  as  silver  and  gold,  from  your 
vain  conversation  received  by  tradition  from  your  fathers;  but 
with  the  precious  blood  of  Christ,  as  of  a  lamb  without  blemisb 
an  i  without  spot. 


death. 


THE  APOSTLES'  CREED. 


73 


223.  Why  with  his  blood,  sufferings,  and  death? 
Because  he  thereby  offered  the  one  all-sufficient 

sacrifice  for  me. 

224.  For  what  purpose  did  Christ  do  all  this  for 
ycu? 

"  In  order  that  I  might  be  his,  live  under  him  in 
his  kingdom,  and  serve  him  in  everlasting  right 
eousness,  innocence,  and  blessedness/' 

Rom.  14  :  9.  For  to  this  end  Christ  both  died,  and  rose, 
and  revived,  that  he  might  be  Lord  both  of  the  dead  and 
living. 

2  Cor.  5  :  15.  And  that  he  died  for  all,  that  they  which 
live  should  not  henceforth  live  unto  themselves,  but  unto  him 
which  died  for  them,  and  rose  again. 

Gal.  2  :  20.  I  am  crucified  with  Christ:  nevertheless  1 
live;  yet  not  I,  but  Christ  liveth  in  me:  and  the  life  which  1 
now  live  in  the  flesh  I  live  by  the  faith  of  the  Son  of  God, 
who  loved  me,  and  gave  himself  for  me. 

225.  Who  is  to  be  your  pattern  in  this  life  and  ser- 
vice of  righteousness,  innocence,  and  blessedness  ? 

Christ  himself :  "  Even  as  he  is  risen  from  thr 
dead  and  lives  and  reigns  to  all  eternity." 

226.  What  is  meant  by  this? 

Even  as  Christ  rose  from  the  dead,  no  should  I 
rise  from  the  sleep  of  sin;  as  Christ;  lives  and  dies 
no  more,  so  should  I  live  unto  righteousness;  and  ah 
Christ  now  reigns  to  all  eternity,  so  I  should  no 
more  subject  myself  to  sin,  death,  and  the  powei 
of  the  devil,  but,  in  Christ's  strength,  reign  over 
them  to  all  eternity. 

227.  What  do  you  confirm  by  the  closing  words: 
"  This  is  mast  certainly  true?}) 

That  I  will  believe  and  do  all  things  set  forth  in 
this  article.  • 

1  Tim.  1  :  15.  This  is  a  faithful  saying,  and  worthy  of  all 
acceptation,  that  Christ  Jesus  came  into  the  world  to  save 
•inners. 

7 


74  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


THE  THIRD  ARTICLE. 
Of  Sane  tificat  ion. 

1  believe  in  the  Holy  Ghost;  the  hoh 
Christian  Church;  the  communion  of 
saints ;  the  forgiveness  of  sins ;  the  resur- 
rection of  the  body ;  and  the  life  everlast- 
ing. Amen. 

What  is  meant  by  this  article? 

I  believe  that  I  cannot  by  my  own  reason 
or  strength  believe  in  Jesus  Christ  my 
Lord,  or  come  to  him ;  but  the  Holy  Spirit 
hath  called  me  through  the  gospel,  enlight- 
ened me  by  his  gifts,  &nd  sanctified  and 
preserved  me  in  the  true  faith ;  in  like 
manner  as  he  calls,  gathers,  enlightens  and 
sanctifies  the  whole  Christian  Church  on 
earth,  and  preserves  it  in  union  with  Jesus 
Christ  in  the  true  faith ;  in  which  Christian 
Church  he  daily  forgives  abundantly  all  my 
sins,  and  the  sins  of  all  believers,  and  will 
raise  up  me  and  all  the  dead  at  the  last 
day,  and  will  grant  everlasting  life  to  me 
and  to  all  who  believe  in  Christ.  This  is 
most  certainly  true. 

228.  Of  what  does  this  article  treat? 

Of  Sanctification,  in  which  the  Holy  Spirit  ap 
propriates  the  Redemption  to  us. 

229.  Why  do  you  say:  "I  believe  in  the  Eoly 
Ghost?" 

Because  he  is  the  third  person  in  the  Holy 
Trinity,  and  the  Holy  Scriptures  expressly  call  him 
God,  and  ascribe  to  him  divine  attributes,  works 
and  honors.    (  Whitsunday.*) 


THE  APOSTLES'  CREED. 


75 


Acts  5  :  3,  4.  But  Peter  said,  Ananias,  why  hath  Satan 
filled  thy  heart  to  lie  to  the  Holy  Ghost?  thou  hast  not  lied 
unto  men,  but  unto  God. 

1  Cor.  2  :  10.  For  the  Spirit  searcheth  all  things,  yea,  the 
deep  things  of  God. 

John  15  :  26.  But  when  the  Comforter  is  come,  whom  I  will 
Bend  unto  you  from  the  Father,  even  the  Spirit  of  truth,  whhh 
proceedeth  from  the  Father,  he  shall  testify  of  me. 

Matt.  28  :  19.  Baptizing  them  in  the  name  of  the  Fathert 
and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 

Job  33  :  4.  The  Spirit  of  God  hath  made  me,  and  the  breath 
of  the  Almighty  hath  given  me  life. 

230.  Why,  in  addition  to  the  Redemption,  is  the 
operation  of  the  Holy  Spirit  necessary  ? 

As  no  man  cometh  unto  the  Father,  but  by  the 
Son  (John  14  :  6),  so  also  no  man  can  say  that 
Jesus  is  the  Lord,  but  by  the  Holy  Ghost.  (1  Cor 
12  :  3.) 

231.  How  is  this  stated  by  Luther's  explanation? 
In  the  following  words:  "  That  I  cannot  by  my 

own  reason  or  strength  believe  in  Jesus  Christ  my 
Lord,  or  come  to  him" 

232.  With  what  does  the  Holy  Spirit  begin  his  work 
in  ns? 

By  calling  us,  i.  e.  lie  calls  us  away  from  our 
state  of  misery  in  the  bondage  of  sin,  unto  a  parti- 
cipation of  the  redemption  which,  is  in  Christ  Jesus. 

233.  By  what  means  does  the  Holy  Spirit  call  us? 
By  the  gospel,  or  the  glad  tidings  of  the  grace 

of  God  in  Jesus  Christ,  which  is  made  known  to  '~a 
by  hearing  or  reading. 

2  Thess.  2:  14.  Whereunto  he  called  you  by  our  gospel,  t4 
the  obtaining  of  the  glory  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

2  Tim.  1  :  9.  Who  hath  saved  us,  and  called  us  with  a  holy 
calling,  not  according  to  our  works,  but  according  to  his  own 
purpose  and  grace,  which  was  given  us  in  Christ  Jesus  before 
the  world  began. 

234.  Are  we,  by  nature,  willing  to  hear  and  read 
the  gospel  ? 


76 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


By  no  means,  but  the  Holy  Spirit  strives  so  tc 
take  advantage  of  the  manifold  sad  and  joyous  ex- 
periences of  our  life,  that  we  may  be  weaned  from 
sin.  and  made  attentive  to  the  gospel. 

1  Cor.  2  :  14.  But  the  natural  man  receiveth  not  the  thing* 
of  the  Spirit  of  God:  for  they  are  foolishness  unto  him:  nei- 
ther can  he  know  them,  because  they  are  spiritually  discerned. 

Rom.  2  :  4.  Not  knowing  that  the  goodness  of  God  leadeth 
thee  to  repentance. 

Isa.  26:16.  Lord,  in  trouble  have  they  visited  thee;  they 
poured  out  a  prayer  when  thy  chastening  was  upon  them. 

235.  Is  every  one,  therefore,  to  whom  the  gospel  is 
proclaimed,  called  f 

Yes,  for  God  thereby  makes  known  unto  him  his 
willingness  to  make  him  holy,  and  also  offers  to  him 
the  power  and  ability  to  accept  and  follow  the  call. 

1  Tim.  2:4.  (God)  will  have  all  men  to  be  saved,  and  to 
come  unto  the  knowledge  of  the  truth. 

2  Pet.  3  :  9.  (God  is)  not  willing  that  any  should  perish,  but 
that  all  should  come  to  repentance. 

236.  What  do  you  think  of  those  who  are  called, 

but  do  not  follow? 

They  pronounce  their  own  judgment,  for  they 

have  received  a  friendly  and  earnest  invitation,  but 
they  would  not  come.  (Matt.  22  :  1-14.) 

Matt.  23  :  37.  0  Jerusalem,  Jerusalem,  thou  that  killest  the 
prophets,  and  stonest  them  which  are  sent  unto  thee,  how  often 
would  I  have  gathered  thy  children  together,  even  as  a  hen 
gathereth  her  chickens  under  her  wings,  and  ye  would  not! 

Acts  7 :  51.  Ye  stiff-necked  and  uncircumcised  in  heart  and 
ears,  ye  do  always  resist  the  Holy  Ghost:  as  your  fathers  did, 
io  do  ye. 

Rom.  10  :  16.  But  they  have  not  all  obeyed  the  gospel  Fei 
ISsaias  saith,  Lord,  who  hath  believed  our  report? 

237.  What  does  the  word  of  God  call  those  who  obey 
the  call? 

The  Chosen,  or  elect. 

Matt.  20  :  16.  For  many  be  called,  but  few  chosen. 
1  Pet.  2  : 9.    But  ye  are  a  chosen  generation,  a  royal  priest- 
kood,  a  holy  nation,  a  peculiar  people;  that  ye  should  show 


THE  APOSTLES'  CREED. 


77 


forth  the  praises  of  him  who  hath  called  you  out  cf  darknes* 
into  his  marvellous  light. 

238.  But  when  we  follow  the  call,  does  the  power  to 
do  so  come  from  ourselves  f 

No;  for  it  is  the  power  of  the  divine  calling 
itself,  by  which  man  suffers  himself  to  be  over- 
come. 

John  6:44.  No  man  can  come  tc  me,  except  the  Father 
which  hath  sent  me  draw  him. 

Rom.  1:  16.  (The  gospel)  is  the  power  of  God  unto  salva- 
tion to  every  one  that  believeth. 

Acts  16  :  14;  Luke  6  :  10. 

239.  What  does  the  Holy  Spirit  work  in  those  who 
have  obeyed  the  call  ? 

He  enlightens  them. 

240.  In  what  does  this  enlightening  or  illumination 
consist? 

In  this,  that  the  Holy  Spirit  produces  in  man  a 
living  knowledge  of  the  guiltiness  of  sin,  and  of  the 
glory  of  the  grace  of  God  in  Christ. 

2  Cor.  4  :  6.  For  God,  who  commanded  the  light  to  shine 
out  of  darkness,  hath  shined  in  our  hearts,  to  give  the  light  of 
the  knowledge  of  the  glory  of  God  in  the  face  of  Jesus  Christ 

241.  By  what  means  does  the  Holy  Spirit  en- 
lighten ? 

By  means  of  the  entire  word  of  God,  namely,  by 
the  law,  from  which  we  learn  to  know  our  sins,  and 
by  the  gospel,  which  reveals  the  grace  of  God. 

Rom.  3  :  20.  For  by  the  law  is  the  knowledge  of  sin. 

John  1  :  17.  For  the  law  was  given  by  Moses,  but  grace  and 
truth  came  by  Jesus  Christ. 

Ephes.  1  :  17,  18.  That  the  God  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ, 
the  Father  of  glory,  may  give  unto  you  the  spirit  of  wisdom 
and  revelation  in  the  knowledge  of  him:  the  eyes  of  your  un- 
derstanding being  enlightened:  that  ye  may  know  what  is  the 
hope  of  his  calling,  and  what  the  riches  of  the  glory  of  his  in- 
heritance in  the  saints. 

242.  Whaf  do  we  call  that  illumination,  which  th* 
7* 


78  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 

Holy  Spirit,  by  mears  of  the  laws  effects  in  regard  fca 
rin  f 

Repentance,  which  consists  in  this,  that  man 
(a)  acknowledges  and  confesses  his  sins  (Ps. 

U  :  5-7  ;  Rom.  3  :  10)  ; 

(6)  entertains  sincere  sorrow  on  account  of  them 

(2  Cor.  7  :  10) ; 

(c)  hates  and  forsakes  them  (Ps.  130  :  4;  Isa. 
1  :  11-18);  and 

(d)  desires  to  have  them  forgiven.  (Ps.  130.) 

Example — The  -prodigal,  Luke  15  : 18,  19 ;  the  publican,  Luke 
18  :  13 ;  Peter,  Luke  22  :  60-62. 

243.  What  do  we  call  that  illumination,  which  the 
Holy  Spirit,  by  means  of  the  gospel,  effects  in  regard 
to  the  Redemption? 

Faith,  which  consists  in  this,  that  man 
(a)  acknowledges  Christ  as  the  Redeemer  and 
Lord ; 

(h)  gladly  comes  and  clings  to  him ;  and 
(c)  does  not  doubt  that  through  him  he  is  de- 
livered from  his  sins,  and  can  comfort  himself  with 
this  redemption. 

244.  What  furthermore  is  done  to  the  penitent  and 
believing  sinner  ? 

He  is  justified  or  declared  to  be  righteous  or  just) 
i.  e.  God,  for  Christ's  sake,  pronounces  iim  free 
from  all  sin,  and  imputes  Christ's  eternal  righteous- 
ness to  him. 

245.  How  many  things  therefore  belong  to  ustifi 
cation  ? 

Three :  the  grace  of  God,,  the  merit  of  Christ, 
who  has  purchased  grace,  and  on  the  part  of  man 
faith,  which  appropriates  the  grace  thus  purchased. 

Ejhes.  2  :  8.  For  by  grace  are  ye  saved  through  faith;  anr 
«hat  not  of  yourselves :  it  is  the  gift  of  God  < 


THE  APOSTLES'  JREED. 


79 


Rom.  3  :  28.  Therefore  we  conclude  that  a  maiv  is  justified 
by  faith  without  the  deeds  of  the  law. 

Gal.  2  :  16.  Knowing  that  a  man  is  not  justified  by  the 
works  of  the  law,  but  by  the  faith  of  Jesus  Christ,  even  we  have 
believed  in  Jesus  Christ,  that  we  might  be  justified  by  the  faith 
of  Christ,  and  not  by  the  works  of  the  law:  for  by  the  work? 
4)f  the  law  shall  no  flesh  be  justified. 

246.  What  does  man  gain  by  his  justification  ? 
Peace,  instead  of  previous  disquietude )  joy,  in  the 

place  of  his  former  apprehension  of  judgment;  and 
filial  love  and  confidence,  instead  of  fear. 

Rom.  5  :  1.  Therefore  being  justified  by  faith,  we  have 
peace  with  God  through  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

Acts  16  :  34.  (The  jailer)  rejoiced,  believing  in  God  with 
all  his  house. 

Rom.  8  :  15, 16.  For  ye  have  not  received  the  spirit  of  bond- 
age again  to  fear;  but  ye  have  received  the  Spirit  of  adoption, 
whereby  we  cry,  Abba,  Father.  The  Spirit  itself  beareth  wit- 
ness with  our  spirit,  that  we  are  the  children  of  God. 

247.  What  does  the  Holy  Spirit  further  work  in  him 
that  is  justified  ? 

He  sanctifies  him,  i.  e.  he  enables  man  to  forsake 
his  old  sinful  ways,  and  to  follow  Christ. 

248.  What  do  you  call  the  man  who  has  received 
such  gifts  of  the  Holy  Spirit  ? 

A  truly  regenerated  man,  because  he  has  received 
a  new  heart  and  a  new  spirit ;  and  a  truly  converted 
man,  because  he  has  forsaken  his  old  ways  of  sin, 
and  has  earnestly  turned  to  Christ. 

Ezek.  36  :  26,  27.  A  new  heart  also  will  I  give  you,  and  a 
new  spirit  will  I  put  within  you  :  and  I  will  take  away  the  stony 
heart  out  of  your  flesh,  and  I  will  give  you  a  heart  of  flesh. 
And  I  will  put  my  spirit  within  you,  and  cause  you  to  walk  in 
my  statutes,  and  ye  shall  keep  my  judgments,  and  do  them. 

1  Pet.  2  :  25.  For  ye  were  as  sheep  going  astray ;  but  are 
fcow  returned  unto  the  Shepherd  and  Bishop  of  your  souls. 

249.  What  does  the  man  thus  born  again  and  con- 
verted need  further,  in  order  that  he  may  continue  in 
the  state  of  sanctification  ? 

The  Hcly  Spirit  must  daily  cleanse  him  from  the 


80 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


sin  that  still  adheres  to  hini,  and  must  preserve  him,, 
in  union  with  Jesus  Christ,  in  the  true  faith. 

250.  Why  is  this  so  necessary  ? 

Because  the  devil,  the  world,  and  indwelling  lust 
tempt  even  the  believer  to  sin,  and  seek  to  alieuate 
him  from  Christ. 

Rom.  11  :  20.  Well;  because  of  unbelief  they  were  broken 
off,  and  thou  standest  by  faith.    Be  not  high-minded,  but  fear. 

Gal.  5  :  17.  For  the  flesh  lusteth  against  the  Spirit,  and  the 
Spirit  against  the  flesh  :  and  these  are  contrary  the  one  to  the 
other;  so  that  ye  cannot  do  the  things  that  ye  would. 

1  Pet.  5:8.  Be  sober,  be  vigilant;  because  your  adversary 
the  devil,  as  a  roaring  lion,  walketh  about,  seeking  whom  he 
may  devour. 

251.  By  what  does  the  Holy  Spirit  preserve  in  the 
true  faith  ? 

(a)  .  By  constantly  reminding  man  of  his  sin  and 
guilt,  and  urging  him  to  daily  repentance. 

(b)  .  By  constantly  enlightening  him  how  to  have 
tme  faith  and  lead  a  holy  life. 

(c)  .  By  restraining  him  from  evil,  and  prompting 
him  to  all  that  is  good,  by  his  chastening  disci- 
pline. 

(d)  .  By  giving  him  the  assurance,  in  all  his 
tribulation,  that  he  is  and  shall  be  a  child  of  God 
in  Jesus  Christ. 

Philip.  1  :  6.  Being  confident  of  this  very  thing,  that  he 
which  hath  begun  a  good  work  in  you  will  perform  it  until  the 
day  of  Jesus  Christ. 

Rom.  8  :  35-39.  Who  shall  separate  us  from  the  love  of 
Christ?  shall  tribulation,  or  distress,  or  persecution,  or  famine, 
or  nakedness,  or  peril,  or  sword?  As  it  is  written,  For  thy 
sake  we  are  killed  all  the  day  long;  we  are  accounted  as  sheep 
for  the  slaughter.  Nay,  in  all  these  things  we  are  more  than 
conquerors  through  him  that  loved  us.  For  I  am  persuaded, 
that  neither  death,  nor  life,  nor  angels,  nor  principalities,  nor 
powers,  nor  things  present,  nor  things  to  come,  nor  height,  no* 
depth,  nor  any  other  creature,  shall  be  able  to  separate  us  from 
the  love  of  God,  which  is  in  Christ  Jesus  our  Lord. 


THE  APOSTLES'  CREED. 


81 


252.  What  are  the  only  infallible  evidences  that  a 
man  is  a  true  believer  ? 

That  he  takes  delight  in  hearing  God's  word,  loves 
and  trusts  in  him,  and  cheerfully  obeys  his  command 
ments.    (Good  works). 

John  8  :  47.    He  that  is  of  God,  heareth  God's  words. 

1  John  3  :  9.  Whosoever  is  born  of  God  doth  not  commit 
sin  ;  for  his  seed  remaineth  in  him :  and  he  cannot  sin,  because 
he  is  born  of  God. 

Matt.  7  :  21.  Not  every  one  that  saith  unto  me,  Lord,  Lord, 
shall  enter  into  the  kingdom  of  heaven  ;  but  he  that  doeth  the 
will  of  my  Father  which  is  in  heaven. 

Gal.  5  :  22-23.  But  the  fruit  of  the  spirit  is  love,  joy,  peace, 
long-suffering,  gentleness,  goodness,  faith,  meekness,  temperance. 

James  2  :  26.  For  as  the  body  without  the  spirit  is  dead,  so 
faith  without  works  is  dead  also. 


253.  What  is  the  next  point  you  profess  to  believe 
in  the  Apostles'  Creed  ? 

I  believe  in  "  the  holy  Christian  Church,  the  com- 
munion of  saints." 

254.  What  do  you  mean  by  the  Christian  church  t 
All  christendom1  or  the  collection  of  all  those  who 

have  been  baptized  into  Christ. 

255.  Why  do  you  call  it  a  communion  of  saints  ? 
Not  because  it  is  composed  of  persons  who  are 

entirely  holy  or  sinless,  but  because  God,  by  his  word 
and  sacraments,  separates  its  members  from  the  world 
as  a  holy  nation  unto  himself.    (1  Pet.  2  :  9-10). 

256.  Why  do  you  call  it  a  communion? 
Because  all  alike  share  the  gifts  of  the  Holy  Spirit. 

and  are  bound  together  by  faith,  hope,  and  charity, 
as  members  of  one  body,  of  which  Christ  is  the  head. 

Ephes.  4  :  3-6.  Endeavoring  to  keep  the  unity  of  the  spirit 
in  the  bond  of  peace.  There  is  one  body,  and  one  spirit,  even 
as  ye  are  called  in  one  hope  of  your  calling:  one  Lord,  one 
faith,  one  baptism,  one  God  and  Father  of  all,  who  is  above  all, 
and  through  all,  and  in  you  all. 

1  Cor.  12  :  26-27.  And  whether  one  member  suffer,  all  the 
members  sufT«r  with  it;  or  one  member  be  honored,  all  thf 


82  EXPLANATION   OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


members  rejoice  with  it.  Now  ye  are  the  body  of  Christ,  and 
members  in  particular. 

257.  Why  do  you  call  it  "holy?" 

Because  it  is  the  Holy  Spirit's  workman ship ,  work- 
shop, and  instrument. 

Ps.  93  :  5.    Holiness  becometh  thy  house,  0  Lord,  for  ever 

258.  Why  do  you  call  it  "Christian?" 
Because  it  is  built  on  Christ,  confesses  Christ,  and 

is  governed  and  protected  by  him. 

1  Cor.  3  :  11.  For  other  foundation  can  no  man  lay  than 
that  is  laid,  which  is  Jesus  Christ. 

Matt.  16  :  18.  And  I  say  also  unto  thee,  that  thou  art  Peter ; 
and  upon  this  rock  I  will  build  my  church;  and  the  gates  of 
hell  shall  not  prevail  against  it. 

259.  Why  has  this  church  also  always  been  called 
"  Catholic/'  i.  e.  universal? 

Because  it  is  to  embrace  all  nations  and  tongues 
on  the  face  of  the  whole  earth. 

John  10  :  16.  And  other  sheep  I  have,  which  are  not  of  this 
fold:  them  also  I  must  bring,  and  they  shall  hear  my  voice; 
and  there  shall  be  one  fold,  and  one  shepherd. 

Matt.  28  :  19,20,  Mark  16  :  15. 

260.  Where,  on  the  earth,  is  this  church  to  be  found? 
Wherever  God's  word  and,  sacraments  are.  (Acts 

2  :  41-42.) 

261.  What  distinction  should  not  be  overlooked  when 
we  speak  of  the  church  ? 

That  the  church  is  visible  in  its  outward  services, 
confessions,  and  discipline;  but  also  invisible  accord- 
ing to  the  operations  of  the  Holy  Spirit  in  the  heorti 
of  believers,  who  are  known  to  God  only. 

2  Tim.  2  :  19.  Nevertheless,  the  foundation  of  GoJ.  star  Jotk 
sure,  having  this  seal,  The  Lord  knoweth  them  that  are  o*« 
Matt.  13  :  24-30;  1  Kgs.  19  :  14,  18. 

262.  Who  belongs  to  the  visible  church  1 
All  who  have  been  baptized. 


THE  APOSTLES'  CREED. 


33 


263.  Who  to  the  invisible  f 

All  who,  having  by  baptism  become  members  of 
the  visible  church,  are  also  true  believers ;  and  all 
the  saints  made  perfect  in  heaven. 

t 

1  Rom.  2  :  28,  29.  For  he  is  not  a  Jew,  which  is  one  outwardly , 
neither  is  that  circumcision,  which  is  outward  in  the  flesh  :  but 
fee  is  a  Jew,  which  is  one  inwardly ;  and  circumcision  is  that 
of  the  heart,  in  the  spirit,  and  not  in  the  letter;  whose  praise 
is  not  of  men,  but  of  God. 

Rom.  10  :  9, 10.  That  if  thou  shalt  confess  with  thy  mouth 
the  Lord  Jesus,  and  shalt  believe  in  thy  heart  that  God  hath 
raised  him  from  the  dead,  thou  shalt  be  saved.  For  with  the 
heart  man  believeth  unto  righteousness;  and  with  the  mouth 
confession  is  made  unto  salvation. 

264.  Why  do  we  also  speak  of  the  church  as  militant  f 
Because,  amidst  manifold  trials,  it  is  to  carry  on 

the  work  of  Christ,  with  the  weapons  of  the  Spirit, 
against  the  kingdom  of  darkness  in  this  world. 

John  16  :  33.  In  the  world  ye  shall  have  tribulation :  but 
be  of  good  cheer :  I  have  overcome  the  world. 

1  John  5  :  4.  For  whatsoever  is  born  of  God  overcometh 
the  world  :  and  this  is  the  victory  that  overcometh  the  world, 
even  our  faith. 

2  Tim.  2  :  3.  Thou,  therefore,  endure  hardness,  as  a  good 
soldier  of  Jesus  Christ. 

265.  What  do  we  mean  by  the  church  triumphant? 
The  general  assembly  of  just  men  made  perfect, 

because  they  have  overcome;  and  now,  free  from 
I  sorrow  and  strife,  rest  in  the  mansions  of  eternal 

peace.    (Rev.  12  :  10-12.) 


266.  Why  do  we  speak  of  different  churches? 
Because  in  the  lapse  of  time  there  arose,  in  the 

midst  of  Christendom  in  general,  various  denomina- 
tions or  confessions,  which  are  called  churches,  viz. : 
besides  our  own  Evangelical  Lutheran,  the  different 
Protestant  (Reformed,  Episcopal,  Presbyterian,  etn.), 
the  Roman  Catholic,  and  Greek  churches. 

267.  Which  is  the  true  Church? 


84 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


That  in  which  u  the  Gospel  is  preached  in  iU 
purity,  and  the  holy  sacraments  are  administered 
according  to  the  Gospel."  (Augsburg  Cmfession, 
Art.  7.) 

John  8  :  31.  If  ye  continue  in  my  word,  then  are  ye  my 
disciples  indeed. 

268.  Is  this  the  case  in  our  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church  ? 

Yes !  For,  with  the  whole  ancient  Christian 
Church,  she  holds  fast  the  doctrines  of  the  apostles 
and  prophets,  as  is  proved  by  all  our  Evangelical 
Lutheran  confessions  of  faith. 

269.  In  which  of  these  confessions  does  our  Church 
exhibit  her  adherence  to  the  doctrine  of  the  entire 

Ancient  Christian  Church? 

In  the  Apostles1  Creed,  the  Nicene  Creed,  and 
the  Athanasian  Creed. 

270.  In  which  of  her  confessions  does  our  Church 
set  forth  the  points  of  difference  between  herself  and 
other  Churches? 

In  the  Augsburg  Confession,  and  its  Apology, 
the  Smalcald  Articles,  Luther's  Small  Catechism, 
Ijuther's  Large  Catechism,  and  the  Formula  of 
Concord. 

271.  "Whence  do  we  get  the  name  "Lutheran?" 

It  was  originally  applied  by  the  hatred  of  hia 
enemies  to  the  friends  of  Luther,  but  is  now 
retained  and  cherished  by  grateful  affection. 

272.  What  two  fundamental  articles  does  our  Lu 
theran  Church  oppose  to  the  false  doctrines  taught  by 
Roman  Catholics  and  others? 

1.  "  We  believe,  teach,  and  confess,  that  the  only 
rule  and  standard,  according  to  which  all  doctrines 
and  teachers  alike  ought  to  be  tried  and  judged,  are 
the  prophetic  and  apostolic  Sc?*iptures  of  the  Old 


THE  APOSTLES'  CREED 


85 


and  New  Testaments  ALONE."  (Formula  of  Con* 
cord,  Introduction.)    \_Evangelical  Church.'] 

2.  "  That  we  cannot  obtain  righteousness  and  the 
forgiveness  of  sin  be/ore  God  by  our  own  merits j 
works,  and  atonement;  but  that  we  obtain  the  re- 
mission of  sins,  and  are  justified  before  God,  by 
grace,  for  Christ's  sake,  through  faith."  (Augs- 
burg Confession,  Art.  4.) 

273.  How  should  we  conduct  ourselves  towards  our 
Church? 

We  should  be  ready  to  serve  her  with  our  life 
and  property,  do  her  honor  by  our  walk  and  conver- 
sation, and  look  upon  her  Scriptural  Confession  as 
a  holy  and  precious  legacy  left  by  our  fathers  to 
us  and  our  children. 

274.  How  should  we  conduct  ourselves  towards 
members  of  other  denominations? 

We  should  set  a  high  value  upon  all  those  things 
which  form  a  bond  of  union  between  us  and  them, 
but  at  the  same  time  we  should  not  undervalue 
those  points  which  separate  us  from  them. 

275.  What  do  you  mean  by  saying:  " I  believe  the 
forgiveness  of  sins?" 

I  hereby  express  my  conviction  that  the  Triune 
*  God,  only  for  the  sake  of  the  blood  and  righteous- 

ness of  Christ,  does  not  impute  sins,  but  remits 
them  and  the  penalties  incurred  by  them. 

276.  Why  is  the  forgiveness  of  sins  thus  expressly 
mentioned  in  this  article  ? 

Because  upon  the  forgiveness  of  sins,  be  the} 
great  or  small,  all  salvation,  in  time  and  eternity, 
depends;  "for  where  there  is  remission  of  sins, 
there  life  and  salvation  are  also." 

Pg.  32  :  1,  2.    Blessed  is  he  whose  transgression  io  for- 
given, whose  sin  is  covered.    Blessed  if  the  man  urto  whom 
8 


86  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


the  Lord  imputeth  not  iniquity,  and  in  whose  spirit  there  is  no 
guile. 

Matt.  16  :  26.  For  what  is  a  man  profited,  if  he  shall  gain 
the  whole  world,  and  lose  his  own  soul  ?  or  what  shall  a  man 
give  in  exchange  for  his  soul  ? 

277.  In  what  way  does  God  bestow  this  grace  of 

forgiveness? 

By  offering  it,  through  the  gospel,  to  all  sinners, 
and  by  communicating  and  confirming  it  to  the 
penitent  and  believing,  by  the  sure  promises  of  his 
word  and  the  holy  sacraments. 

278.  Has  the  repentance  and  faith  of  man  any  merit 
in  the  sight  of  God  ? 

By  no  means !  As  little  as  the  beggar  can  claim 
any  merit  for  realizing  his  own  poverty,  and  re- 
ceiving the  bounty  of  the  merciful  and  benevolent. 

279.  What  estimate  do  you  put  on  good  works? 
Good  works  prove  that  there  is  faith  in  the 

heart ;  but  forgiveness  of  sins  and  salvation  come 
only  by  grace  through  faith. 

Ephes.  2  :  8,  9.  For  by  grace  are  ye  saved  through  faith  ; 
and  that  not  of  yourselves;  it  is  the  gift  of  God:  not  of  works, 
lest  any  man  should  boast. 

Matt.  7  :  20.  Wherefore  by  their  fruits  ye  shall  know 
tbem. 

280.  What  may  be  called  a  good  work? 

Only  that  which  proceeds  from  faith,  i.  e.  what- 
ever is  done  for  the  glory  of  God,  and,  to.  show  our 
Ipve  and  thankfulness  towards  him,  whether  the 
'Jung  done  be  great  or  small. 

Rom.  14  :  23.    For  whatsoever  is  not  of  faith  is  sin. 
The  Pharisees,  Matt.  6  :  1,2;  Mary,  Mark  14  :  3--9;  tae 
widow,  Mark  12  :  41-44. 


281.  What  do  you  n.ean  by  "the  resurrection  of  the 
hody?" 

That  this  my  body,  which,  in  death,  returns  to 
dust,,  shall  be  made  alive  again  and  reunited  with 


THE  APOSTLES'  CREED. 


87 


the  soul,  and  that  thereby  the  work  of  sanctification 
will  be  completed. 

282.  Why  do  you  believe  this? 

Because  with  God  nothing  is  impossible  (Luk6 
1  :  37),  and  because  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  is  "  the 
first-horn  from  the  dead"  (Col.  1  :  18),  and  has 
also  said  to  us :  u  Marvel  not  at  this :  for  the  hour 
is  coming,  in  the  which  all  that  are  in  the  graves 
shall  hear  his  voice,  and  shall  come  forth )  they  that 
have  done  good,  unto  the  resurrection  of  life ;  and 
they  that  have  done  evil,  unto  the  resurrection  of 
damnation."    (John  5  :  28,  29.) 

1  Cor.  15  :  20.  But  now  is  Christ  risen  from  the  dead,  and 
become  the  first-fruits  of  them  that  slept. 

Philip.  3  :  20,  21  For  our  conversation  is  in  heaven  ;  from 
whence  also  we  look  for  the  Saviour,  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ; 
who  shall  change  our  vile  body,  that  it  may  be  fashioned  like 
unto  his  glorious  body,  according  to  the  working  whereby  he  is 
able  even  to  subdue  all  things  unto  himself. 

283.  With  what  kind  of  bodies  shall  the  risen  ones 
be  clothed? 

With  immortal  bodies  ;  the  righteous  shall  shine 
forth  as  the  sun ;  but  the  wicked  shall  be  clothed 
with  shame  and  terror. 

Matt.  13  :  43.  Then  shall  the  righteous  shine  forth  as  the 
sun  in  the  kingdom  of  their  Father. 
>  1  Cor.  15  :  42-44.  It  is  sown  in  corruption ;  it  is  raised  in 

incorruption ;  it  is  sown  in  dishonor;  it  is  raised  in  glory :  it  is 
sown  in  weakness ;  it  is  raised  in  power :  it  is  sown  a  natural 
body  ;  it  is  raised  a  spiritual  body. 
See  also  Philip.  3  :  20,  21. 

Isa.  66 :  24.  For  their  worm  shall  not  die,  neither  shall  their 
fire  be  quenched;  and  they  shall  be  an  abhorring  unto  ail 
flesh. 

284.  When  shall  this  take  place  ? 

At  the  last  da/y,  when  tjie  Son  of  God  shall  come 
in  his  glory.    (Matt.  25  :  31-46.) 

Matt.  24  :  36.  Bit  of  that  day  and  hour  knoweth  r  :  man,' 
mo,  not  the  angels  ci  heaven,  but  my  Father  only. 


88         EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


Act3  1 :  7.  And  he  said  unto  them,  It  is  not  for  you  to  knon 
the  times  or  the  seasons,  which  the  Father  hath  put  in  his  own 
power. 

285.  What  will  become  of  those  who  shall  be  alive 
on  earth  at  the  last  day? 

They  shall  not  die,  but  their  bodies  shall  be 
changed. 

1  Cor.  15  :  51,  52.  Behold,  I  show  you  a  mystery;  we  shall 
aot  all  sleep,  but  we  shall  all  be  changed,  in  a  moment,  in  the 
twinkling  of  an  eye,  at  the  last  trump :  for  the  trumpet  shall 
sound,  and  the  dead  shall  be  raised  incorruptible,  and  we  shall 
be  changed. 

286.  What  will  follow  the  resurrection  of  the  dead  ? 

The  judgment,  which  will  consign  the  wicked  to 
everlasting  punishment,  but  the  righteous  to  life 
eternal. 

Matt.  25  :  46.  And  these  (on  the  left,  toe  wicked,  the  cursed) 
shall  go  away  into  everlasting  punishment:  but  the  righteous 
into  life  eternal. 

287.  What  do  you  mean  by  life  eternal? 

An  eternal  freedom  f  rom  all  evil,  and  unspeaka- 
ble glory  and  bliss.    (1  Cor.  15  :  54,  55. ) 

Rev.  7  :  16,  17.  They  shall  hunger  no  more,  neither  thirst 
any  more  ;  neither  shall  the  sun  light  on  them,  nor  any  heat. 
For  the  Lamb  which  is  in  the  midst  of  the  throne  shall  feed 
them,  and  •hall  lead  them  unto  living  fountains  of  waters  :  and 
God  shall  wipe  away  all  tears  from  their  eyes. 

2  Pet.  3  : 13.  Nevertheless  we,  according  to  his  promise,  look 
for  new  heavens  and  a  new  earth,  wherein  dwelleth  righteous  • 
ness. 

1  Pet.  1  :  7-9.  At  the  appearing  of  Jesus  Christ,  whom  hav  . 
ing  not  seen,  ye  love;  in  whom,  though  now  ye  see  him  not> 
yet  believing,  ye  rejoice  with  joy  unspeakable  and  full  of  glory  : 
receiving  the  end  of  your  faith,  even  the  salvation  of  you» 
louls. 

288.  But  what  becomes  of  believers  immediately 
after  death  ? 

The  soul  immediately  enters  into  u  life  eternal" 
but  body  and  soul  not  until  after  the  resurrection 


THE  LORD'S  PRAYER. 


Luke  23  :  4-V  And  Jesus  said  unto  him,  Verily  I  say  anto 
Ux  if  To-day  shalt  thou  be  with  me  in  paradise. 

Rev.  14 :  13.  And  I  heard  a  voice  from  heaven  saying  unto 
mc  Write,  Blessed  are  the  dead  which  die  in  the  Lord  front 
henceforth  :  Yea,  saith  the  Spirit,  that  they  may  rest  from  thei 
labors ;  and  their  works  do  follow  them. 

289.  Of  what  does  this  last  point  in  the  Creed  re 
mini!  you  ? 

That  by  the  work  of  Redemption  and  Sanctifica- 
tion  the  divine  image  is  restored,  and  that  too  in- 
such  a  way,  that  its  glory  can  never  more  be  lost. 

290.  What  do  you  confirm  by  the  closing  words: 
14  This  is  most  certainly  true?" 

That  the  Holy  Spirit  has  done,  is  now  doing,  and 
will  continue  to  do  all  this  in  me,  and  that  I  am  de- 
termined thankfully  and  joyously  to  live,  suffer,  and 
die  in  this  faith. 

2  Tim.  X*.  12.  For  I  know  whom  I  have  believed,  and  am 
persuaded  that  he  is  able  to  keep  that  which  I  have  committed 
unto  him  againjt  that  clay. 

Philip.  1  :  6.  Being  confident  of  this  very  thing,  that  he 
which  hath  begun  a  good  work  in  you  will  perform  it  until  th» 
day  of  Jesus  Chribt. 


PART  III. 
THE  LORD'S  PRAYER. 

291.  Why  does  the  Lord's  prayer  follow  the  law  and 
the  creed  ? 

That  we  may  thereby  be  taught 

1.  that  it  is  necessary  for  us  to  implore  the  assist* 
•ace  of  Grod ;  and 

2.  how  we  are  to  pray  for  it,  so  as  to  be  able  to 
keep  his  commandments,  and  remain  steadfast  in 
the  faith. 

8* 


90  EXPLANATION   OF  THE  CATEUII1SM 


292.  What  is  prayer? 

Prayer  is  the  conversation  of  the  heart  with  God, 
whether  in  audible  words  or  silent  thoughts. 

Ps.  19  :  14.  Let  the  words  of  my  mouth,  and  the  medi 
tation  of  my  heart,  be  acceptable  in  thy  sight,  0  Lord,  mj 
-Btrength,  and  my  redeemer. 

293.  To  whom  should  we  pray? 

To  no  created  heing)  but  only  to  the  one,  living, 
and  true  God,  who  is  God  the  Father,  Son,  and 
Holy  Ghost. 

Matt.  4  :  10.  Thou  shalt  worship  the  Lord  thy  God,  and 
him  only  shalt  thou  serve. 

Rev.  19  :  10.  And  I  fell  at  his  feet  to  worship  him.  And 
he  said  unto  me,  See  thou  do  it  not:  I  am  thy  fellow-servant, 
and  of  thy  brethren  that  have  the  testimony  of  Jesus :  worship 
God. 

Exod.  20  :  3-5. 

294.  For  whom  and  for  what  should  we  pray  ? 

For  ourselves  and  all  men,  friends,  and  enemies, 
and  for  everything  needful  for  our  welfare  in  spirit- 
ual and  in  temporal  things. 

Ephes.  6  :  18. »  Praying  always  with  all  prayer  and  suppli- 
cation in  the  Spirit,  and  watching  thereunto  with  all  perse- 
verance and  supplication  for  all  saints. 

1  Tim.  2:1.  I  exhort,  therefore,  that,  first  of  all,  suppli- 
cations,  prayers,  intercessions,  and  giving  of  thanks,  be  made 
for  all  men. 

Matt.  5  :  44.  Pray  for  them  which  despitefully  use  you,  and 
persecute  you. 

295.  How  should  we  pray? 

Devoutly,  humbly,  with  child-like  simplicity,  in 
true  faith,  and  in  the  name  of  Jesus. 

Joan  4  :  24.  God  is  a  Spirit:  and  they  that  worship  hiui 
must  worship  him  in  spirit  and  in  truth. 

Hsb.  11 :  6.  But  without  faith  it  is  impossible  to  please  him: 
for  hs  that  cometh  to  God  must  believe  that  he  is,  and  that  he 
is  a  rewarder  of  them  that  diligently  seek  him. 

James  1  :  6.  But  let  him  ask  in  faith,  nothing  wavering. 
For  he  that  wavereth  is  like  a  wave  of  the  sea  driven  with  tb# 
•rind  an  5  tossed. 


THE  LORD'S  PRAYER. 


91 


James  4  :  6.  God  resisteth  the  proud,  but  giveth  grace  unt« 
the  humble. 

Matt.  15  :  8.  This  people  draweth  nigh  unto  me  with  theil 
mouth,  and  honoreth  me  with  their  lips ;  but  their  heart  is  fai 
from  me. 

Luke  18  :  13,  14. 

296.  When  do  we  pray  in  the  name  of  Jesus? 
When  we  do  not  pray  in  our  own  name,  and  rely- 

ing  upon  our  own  merit,  but  in  sole  reliance  upon 
Christ's  icord  and  merit,  in  his  spirit,  and  for  the, 
promotion  of  his  kingdom. 

297.  What  promise  does  the  Lord  give  to  such 
prayer  ? 

That,  if  it  is  earnest  and  persevering,  it  shall  cer- 
tainly be  heard,  although  the  answer  may  come 
later,  and  in  a  form  different  from  what  we  ex- 
pected. 

John  16  :  23.  Whatsoever  ye  shall  ask  the  Father  in  my 
name,  he  will  give  it  you. 

James  4  :  3.  Ye  ask,  and  receive  not,  because  ye  ask  amiss, 
that  ye  may  consume  it  upon  your  lusts. 

Rom.  12  :  12.  Rejoicing  in  hope;  patient  in  tribulation; 
continuing  instant  in  prayer. 

Isa.  55  :  8,  9.  For  my  thoughts  are  not  your  thoughts, 
neither  are  your  ways  my  ways,  saith  the  Lord.  For  as  tha 
heavens  are  higher  than  the  earth,  so  are  my  ways  higher  than 
your  ways,  and  my  thoughts  than  your  thoughts. 

298.  When  should  we  pray? 

A  Christian  should  at  all  times  turn  his  heart  to 
God,  but  he  should  also  have  special  times  of  prayer, 
in  the  morning  and  evening,  at  table,  during  public 
worship,  etc. 

Luke  18  :  1.  And  he  spake  a  parable  unto  them  to  this 
%n  1,  that  men  ought  always  to  pray,  and  not  to  faint. 

1  Thess.  5  :  17.    Pray  without  ceasing. 

P3.  55  :  16,  17.  As  for  me,  I  will  call  upon  God  ;  and  the 
Lord  shall  save  me.  Evening,  and  morning,  and  at  noon,  will 
t  pray,  and  cry  aloud:  and  he  shall  hear  my  voice. 

299.  Where  are  we  to  pray? 


92  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CA1 ECHISM. 


Everywhere,  but  especially  in  the  house  of  God. 
in  and  with  the  family,  and  in  our  closet. 

John  4  :  21.  Jesus  saith  unto  her,  Woman,  believe  me,  the 
hour  cometh,  when  ye  shall  neither  in  this  mountain,  nor  yet 
at  Jerusalem,  worship  the  Father. 

Luke  19  :  46.    My  house  is  the  house  of  prayer. 

Josh.  24  :  15.  But  as  for  me  and  my  house,  we  will  serv 
the  Lord. 

Matt.  18  :  20.  For  where  two  or  three  are  gathered  together 
in  my  name,  there  am  I  in  the  midst  of  them. 

Matt.  6  :  5,  6.  And  when  thou  prayest,  thou  shalt  not  be 
as  the  hypocrites  are :  for  they  love  to  pray  standing  in  the 
synagogues  and  in  the  corners  of  the  streets,  that  they  may  be 
seen  of  men.  Verily  I  say  unto  you,  They  have  their  reward. 
But  thou,  when  thou  prayest,  enter  into  thy  closet,  and  when 
thou  hast  shut  thy  door,  pray  to  thy  Father  which  is  in  secret; 
and  thy  Father  which  seeth  in  secret  shall  reward  thee  openly. 

300.  What  is  the  principal  thing  in  all  praying? 
True  faith,  and  a  devout  and  reverent  state  of 

heart ;  \t  matters  not  whether  our  words  be  few  or 
many,  our  own  or  those  of  another.  (Taken  from 
the  Bible,  the  prayer-  or  hymn-book.) 

301.  What  is  to  be  said  of  outward  posture  and 
demeanor  in  prayer  ? 

Although  God  looketh  only  on  the  heart,  and  not 
on  the  outward  appearance,  yet  the  Holy  Scriptures, 
and  the  example  of  our  Saviour  and  of  many  of  his 
saints,  teach  us  to  assume  a  reverent  demeanor  and 
posture  in  our  approaches  to  God.,  {Kneeling } 
standing,  etc.) 

Matt,  26  :  39;  Acts  20  :  36;  Ephes.  3  :  14:  Luire  18  : 
9-14;  1  Kings  8  :  22. 

302.  What  blessings  flow  from  prayer? 

Manifold  graces  and  gifts  of  God,  and  the  main- 
tenance and  strengthening  of  our  communion  with 
God. 

303.  Why  does  this  part  of  our  Catechism,  in  whioh 
we  are  to  be  taught  to  pray,  explain  tha  "  Lord's 
prayer ?" 


THE  LORD'S  PRAYER 


93 


Because  it  is  the  most  admirable  prayer  known 
o  Christians,  in  which  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  hiin- 
jclf  teaches  us  what  and  how  to  pray. 

Matt.  6  :  7-13 ;  Luke  11  :  1-4. 

304.  How  does  he  teach  this  by  this  prayer? 
By  showing  us  ■ 

(a)  .  That  we  must  pray  in  his  name;  (in  the 
Introduction)  for  it  is  only  for  Christ's  sake  that 
we  can  call  God  Father. 

John  14  :  6.    No  man  cometh  unto  the  Father,  but  by  me. 

(b)  .  That  we  should  pray  also  for  others,  which 
is  pointed  out  by  the  words  "  our"  and  "  us" 

(c)  .  That  we  should  seek  first  the  kingdom  of 
God,  for  but  one  of  the  seven  petitions  refers  to 
bodily  things. 

(d)  That  we  should  pray  for  the  bestowal  of  that 
which  is  good  (in  the  first  four  petitions),  and  for 
the  removal  of  that  which  is  evil  (in  the  three  last). 

(e)  .  That  we  should  always  approach  God  in  a 
penitent  spirit  (fifth  petition). 

(/).  That,  "in  praying,  we  should  also  render 
praise  and  thanksgiving  (in  the  conclusion  or 
doxology). 

The  Introduction. 
Our  Father  who  art  in  heaven. 

What  is  meant  by  this  introduction? 

God  would  thereby  affectionately  encou- 
rage us  to  believe  that  he  is  truly  our  Fa- 
ther, and  that  we  are  his  children  indeed, 
»o  that  we  may  call  upon  him  with  all 


M         EXPLANATION  OF  THE  OATECHISX 


cheerfulness  and  confidence,  even  as  be- 
oved  children  entreat  their  affectionato 
parent. 

305.  "Why  do  we  here  address  God  as  our  Father? 

Not  merely  because  lie  is  our  Creator  and  Pre 
server,  but  because  he  is  the  Father  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  and,  through  him,  our  Father. 

John  20  :  17.  Go  to  my  brethren,  and  say  unto  them,  1 
ascend  unto  my  Father,  and  your  Father ;  and  to  my  God,  and 
your  God. 

306.  Why  do  we  say  "our?" 

To  remind  us  that  we  too  are  the  children  of 
God,  and  that  we  should  not  pray  for  ourselves 
only,  but  for  all  men,  especially  believers. 

307.  Why  does  the  Saviour  teach  us  to  add,  "who 
art  in  heaven  t" 

That  we  may  thereby  praise  the  majesty  of  God, 
and  be  reminded  that  he,  to  whom  we  are  praying, 
is  the  eternal,  almighty,  omniscient  and  bountiful 
Father. 

308.  Why  does  God  perroU  us  to  address  him  thus? 
uGod  would  thereby  affectionately  encourage  us 

to  believe  that  he  is  truly  our  Father,  and  that  we 
are  his  children  indeed" 

309.  Do  we  need  such  affectionate  encouragement  ? 
Yes  !  for  by  nature  our  hearts  secretly  fear  and 

shrink  from  him,  instead  of  feeling  filial  leve  and 
cheerful  confidence  towards  him. 

310.  Why  dees  God  wish  to  remove  this  fear  from 
our  hearts? 

In  order  that  we  may  pray  aright,  i.  e.  "  that  we 
may  call  upon  him  with  all  cheerfulness  and  confi- 
dence, even  as  beloved  children  entreat  their  affec- 
tionate 'parent" 


THE  LORD'S  PRAYER. 


9o 


Gal.  4  :  6.  And  because  ye  are  sons,  God  hath  sent  forth 
'he  Spirit  of  his  Son  into  your  hearts,  crying,  Abba,  Father. 

Rom.  8  :  15.  For  ye  have  not  received  the  spirit  of  bondage 
igain  to  fear;  but  ye  have  received  the  spirit  of  aJ^ptic'j, 
whereby  we  cry,  Abba,  Father. 

The  first  Petition. 
Hallowed  be  thy  name. 

What  is  meant  by  this  petition? 

The  name  of  God  is  indeed  holy  in  itself; 
but  we  pray  in  this  petition  that  it  may  be 
hallowed  also  by  us. 

How  is  this  effected? 

When  the  word  of  God  is  taught  in  its 
truth  and  purity,  and  we,  as  the  children 
of  God,  lead  holy  lives,  in  accordance  with 
it ;  to  this  may  our  blessed  Father  in 
heaven  help  us.  But  whoever  teaches  and 
Jives  otherwise  than  as  God's  word  pre- 
scribes, profanes  the  name  of  God  among 
us  ;  from  this  preserve  us,  Heavenly  Father. 

311.  What  is  the  name  of  God? 

The  triune  God  himself,  and  everything  by 
which  his  holy  being  is  designated,  or  we  are  re- 
minded of  it. 

312.  What  is  meant  by  hallowing  it? 

To  praise  him  with  our  words,  and  honor  him  by 
our  works,  as  the  most  holy  object  known  to  us  and 
all  men. 

313.  Why  do  we  say  with  such  emphasis :  Hal- 
lowed be  THY  name  ? 

To  remind  us  that  nothing  is  holy  but  God  our 
Lord,  and  that  honor  belongs,  not  to  us,  but  to  him 
only. 


*)6  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


Ps.  115  :  1.  Not  unto  us,  0  Lord,  not  unto  us,  out  ur»t*« 
thy  name  give  glory,  for  thy  mercy,  and  for  thy  truth's  ,sakc 

314.  Why  is  it  of  so  much  importance  that  God'? 
nam:  whyjh  is  holy  in  itself,  should  be  hallowed  alst 
by  us  f 

Because  the  most  holy  thing  will  do  us  no  gcod 
unless  we  recognize  and  honor  its  holiness,  and  its 

efficacy  for  our  own  salvation.  * 

315.  When  is  God's  name  hallowed  among  us? 

1.  "  When  the  word  of  God  is  taught  and  be 
lieved  in  its  truth  and  purity"  i.  e.  without  human 
adulteration  or  additions.    (1  Tim.  6  :  3,  4). 

2.  When  "  we,  as  the  children  of  God,  lead  holy 
lives,  in  accordance  with  it,"  i.  e.  live  as  we  ought 
to  live,  in  obedience  to  the  ten  commandments,  and 
only  can  live,  by  true  laith,  with  the  help  of  God. 
("  To  this  may  our  blessed  Father  in  heaven  help  us"} 

316.  But  who  prof anes  the  name  of  God? 

u  Whoever  teaches  and  lives  otherwise  than  as  God's 
word  prescribes" 

317.  Why  does  the  explanation  close  with  the  prayer: 
"from  this  preserve  us,  heavenly  Father  t" 

Because  all  will  go  wrong  where  we  ourselves,  oi 
others  "  among  us"  profane  the  name  of  God. 

The  Secona  Petition. 
Thy  kingdom  c*>me. 
What  is  meant  by  this  petition? 

The  kingdom  of  God  comes  indeed  of 
itself,  without  our  prayer ;  but  we  pray  in 
this  petition  that  it  may  come  unto  us  also. 

When  is  this  effected? 

When  our  heavenly  Father  gives  us  his 
Holy  Spirit,  so  that  by  his  grace  we  believe 


the  lord's  prayer. 


9? 


his  holy  word,  and  live  a  godly  life  here  on 
earth,  and  in  heaven  forever. 

318.  To  what  kingdom  does  this  refer? 

To  God's  present  kingdom  of  grace,  and  the  fib- 
ture  kingdom  of  glory. 

Mark  1:15.  The  time  is  fulfilled,  and  the  kingdom  cf  God 
I  t«  at  hand:  repent  ye,  and  believe  the  gospel. 

Matt.  25  :  34.  Then  shall  the  king  say  unto  them  on  hia 
right  hand,  Come,  ye  blessed  of  my  Father,  inherit  the  kingdom 
prepared  for  you  from  the  foundation  of  the  world. 

319.  But  as  "the  kingdom  of  God  comes  indeed  of 
itself  without  our  prayer/'  what  need  is  there  of  thia 
petition  ? 

(a)  .  God  wishes  to  be  asked  for  all  his  gifts,  es- 
pecially for  this  greatest  one. 

(b)  .  If  this  kingdom  does  not  first  come  to  us,  it 
is  certain  we  shall  not  come  to  or  into  it. 

(c)  .  There  are  still  many  millions  of  human  beings 
to  whom  the  gospel  of  the  kingdom  of  God  has  not 
yet  come. 

(d)  .  There  are  still  many  others,  who  indeed  have 
the  gospel,  but  who  have  not  the  kingdom  of  God 
in  their  hearts. 

(e)  .  Even  to  those,  who  have  become  children  of 
the  kingdom,  it  is  to  come  in  ever-increasing  mani- 
festations of  its  power. 

(/").  Because  all  believers  wait  and  long  for  the 


of  glory. 

320.  Are  we  to  do  nothing  but  pray  for  the  promo- 
tion of  the  kingdom  of  God  ? 

We  should  do  many  things  :  first,  for  ourselves, 
by  being  earnestly  solicitous  for  the  salvation  of  our 
«oul;  and  then  also  for  all  others,  by  sending  forth 
ministers  of  the  g  jspel  (missionaries)  ;  by  spreading 


sons  of  God  in  the  kingdom 


9 


98  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM 


the  word  of  God  (Bible  societies),  and  devotional 
books  ;  by  the  establishment  of  Churches,  and  Chris- 
tian week-day  and  Sunday-schools  ;  by  our  edifying 
walk  and  conversation,  and  all  other  means  approveo 
by  God. 

Matt.  9  :  36-3£.    But  when  he  saw  the  multitudes,  he  wa 
moved  with  compassion  on  them,  because  they  fainted,  and  wei 
scattered  abroad,  as  sheep  having  no  shepherd.    Then  saith  he 
unto  his  disciples,  The  harvest  truly  is  plenteous,  but  the  laborers 
are  few ;  pray  ye  therefore  the  Lord  of  the  harvest,  that  he  will 
send  forth  laborers  into  his  harvest. 

Rom  10  :  14,  15.  How  then  shall  they  call  on  him  in  whom 
they  have  not  believed?  and  how  shall  they  believe  in  him  of 
whom  they  have  not  heard?  and  how  shall  they  hear  without 
a  preacher?  and  how  shall  they  preach,  except  they  be  sent? 

Matt.  5  :  16.  Let  your  light  so  shine  before  men,  that  they 
may  see  your  good  works,  and  glorify  your  Father  which  is  in 
heaven. 

321.  How  is  this  coming  of  the  kingdom  of  God 
effected? 

u  When  our  heavenly  Father  gives  us  his  Holy 
Spirit,  so  that  by  his  grace  we  believe  his  holy  word, 
and  live  a  godly  life  here  on  earth,  and  in  heaven 
forever." 

Luke  17  :  20,  21.  The  kingdom  of  God  cometh  not  with 
observation  :  neither  shall  they  say,  Lo,  here !  or,  lo,  there  !  for, 
behold,  the  kingdom  of  God  is  within  you. 

322.  Why  does  so  much  depend  upon  the  coming  of 
the  kingdom  of  God  ? 

Because  there  is  nothing  but  misery  and  wretched- 
ness wherever  the  kingdom  of  Satan  and  of  sin 
prevails ;  but  wherever  the  kingdom  of  God  is,  there 
is  righteousness,  and  peace,  and  joy  in  the  Holy 
Ghost    (Rom.  14  :  17). 

The  third  Petition. 


Thy  will  be  lone  on  earth,  as  it  is  m 
heaven- 


THE   LORD'S  PRAYER 


99 


What  is  meant  by  this  petition? 

The  good  and  gracious  will  of  God  is  dour 
indeed  without  our  prayer;  but  we  pray  ir 
this  petition  that  it  may  be  done  by  us  ale  3. 

When  is  this  effected? 

When  God  frustrates  and  brings  to  nc  ugtt 
every  evil  counsel  and  purpose  which  would 
hinder  us  from  hallowing  the  name  of  God? 
and  prevent  his  kingdom  from  coming  to 
us,  such  as  the  will  of  the  devil,  of  the 
world,  and  of  our  own  flesh  ;  and  when  he 
strengthens  us,  and  keeps  us  steadfast  in  his 
word  and  in  the  faith,  even  unto  one  end. 
This  is  his  gracious  and  good  will. 

323.  What  do  you  mean  by  the  will  of  God! 
Whatever,  in  accordance  with  his  word  and 

counsel,  we  are  to  believe,  do,  and  suffer,  in  order 
that  "his  name  may  be  hallowed"  (first  petition), 
and  "  his  kingdom  come"  (second  petition). 

324.  Why  does  Luther's  explanation  call  the  will 
of  God  good  and  gracious? 

Because  it  is  his  will  that  all  men  should  be  holy 
and  happy. 

1  Thess.  4  :  3.  For  this  is  the  will  of  God,  even  your  sanc- 
ttfication. 

John  6  :  40  And  this  is  the  will  of  him  that  sent  me,  that 
every  one  which  seeth  the  Son,  and  believeth  on  him,  may 
have  everlasting  life :  and  I  will  raise  him  up  at  the  last  day. 

325.  Is  God's  will  done  only  when  we  pray  that  it' 
may  be  done? 

No !  "  The  good  and  gracious  will  of  God  u 
done  indeed  without  our  prayer "  in  the  case  of 
many  others,  whether  we  pray  for  it  or  not. 

Matt.  8  :  11,  12.  And  I  say  unto  you,  That  many  shall 
come  from  the  east  and  west,  and  shall  sit  down  with  Abraham, 


100        EXPLANATION  OV  THE  CATECHISM. 


and  Isaac,  and  Jacob,  in  the  kingdom  of  heaven.    Bat  ffc.4 

children  of  the  kingdom  shall  be  cast  out  into  outer  darkness 
there  shall  be  weeping  and  gnasbing  of  teeth. 

326.  What  does  Luther  mean  to  teach  us  by  the 
words :  "by  us'?" 

That  we  all  should  both  obey  and  submit  to  this 
will,  here  upon  earth,  for  our  sanctification  and 
salvation. 

327.  Why  is  it  to  be  done  on  earth,  as  it  is  in 

heaven  ? 

Because  the  holy  angels  and  the  saints  in  heaven 
do  God's  will  with  all  their  heart  and  might ;  and 
so  should  we. 

328.  What  will  opposes  this  good  and  gracious  will? 
"  The  evil  counsel  and  will  of  the  devil,  of  the 

world,  and  of  our  own  flesh,"  which  seeks  to  pre- 
vent our  sanctification  and  salvation. 

329.  What  therefore  do  we  ask  of  God  against  it? 
That  he  would  frustrate  it  and  bring  it  to  nought , 

and  that  he  would  strengthen  us,  and  keep  us  stead- 
fast in  his  word  and  in  the  faith,  even  unto  our  end, 

330.  Why  do  we  need  all  this? 

Because,  without  the  gracious  support  of  God, 
we  can  neither  obediently  fulfil  his  will,  nor  suffer 
patiently,  nor  successfully  resist  the  devil  and  the 
world. 

2  Thess.  3  :  3.  But  the  Lord  is  faithful,  who  shall  establish 
you,  and  keep  you  from  evil. 

John  15:5.    For  without  me  ye  can  do  nothing. 

Philip.  2  :  13.  For  it  is  God  which  worketh  in  you  both  to 
will  and  to  do  of  his  good  pleasure. 

331.  What  is  necessary  to  enable  us  to  utter  tLie 
petition  with  all  our  heart? 

We  must  always  strive  earnestly  to  do  the  i,ood 
will  of  God,  and  always  submit  to  it,  as  unto  a  will 
that  is  as  gracious  as  it  ;s  good. 


THE  LORD'S  PRAYER. 


101 


The  fourth  Petition. 
Give  as  this  day  our  daily  bread. 

What  is  meant  by  this  petition  ? 

Cf  od  gives  indeed,  without  our  prayer,  oveu 
tit  the  wicked  also  their  daily  bread;  but 
wo  pray  in  this  petition  that  he  would  make 
us  sensible  of  his  benefits,  and  enable  us  to 
receive  our  daily  bread  with  thanksgiving. 

What  is  implied  in  the  words:  "our  daily  bread?" 

All  things  that  pertain  to  the  wants  and 
the  support  of  this  present  life  ;  such  as 
food,  raiment,  money,  goods,  house  and 
land,  and  other  property ;  a  believing  spouse 
and  good  children ;  trustworthy  servants 
and  faithful  magistrates ;  favorable  seasons, 
peace,  and  health;  education  and  honor; 
true  friends,  good  neighbors,  and  the  like. 

332.  Why  should  we  pray  for  our  daily  bread  ? 
Because  it,  together  with  the  strength  and  ability 

to  labor  for  it,  comes  to  all  men,  not  by  fortune  or 
chance,  or  through  other  men,  but  from  God  alone. 

Ps.  145  :  15,  16.  The  eyes  of  all  wait  upon  thee;  and  thou 
givest  them  their  meat  in  due  season.  Thou  openest  thy  hand, 
and  satisfiest  the  desire  of  every  living  thing. 

333.  But  why  do  we  call  it  "  our  "  bread  ? 
Because  we  do  not  wish  to  have  the  bread  jf 

other  men,  or  bread  obtained  by  stealing,  fraud,  or 
begging,  but  that  which  we  have  gained  with  the 
approbation  of  God  and  our  own  conscience 

Prov.  20  :  17.  Bread  of  deceit  is  sweet  to  a  man ;  but  after- 
wards  his  mouth  shall  be  filled  with  gravel. 

334.  Why  do  we  say,  our  "  daily  "  bread  ? 

Because  we  do  not  pray  for  a  great  supply  foi 
9* 


102 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM 


many  days  and  years,  but  for  that  which  we  need 
day  by  day. 

Prov.  30  :  8,  9  ;  The  Manna,  Exod.  16  :  14-21. 

335.  Why  do  we  say,  '  'this  day?" 

Because  we  have  need  of  it  this  day,  take  no 
anxious  thought  for  the  future,  and  to-morrow  we 
pray  again. 

Matt.  6  :  34.  Take  therefore  no  thought  for  the  morrow  ; 
for  the  morrow  shall  take  thought  for  the  things  of  itself.  Suffi- 
cient unto  the  day  is  the  evil  thereof. 

336.  Why  do  we  say,  "  give  us"  and  not  give  me? 
Because  we,  as  the  children  of  one  Father,  pray 

for  one  another,  and  should  rejoice  in  the  prosperity 
of  each  other. 

337.  What  is  included  in  the  expression  "  daily 
bread?" 

Everything  mentioned  in  Luther's  explanation, 
aamely,  whatever  helps  us  to  procure,  retain,  and 
enjoy  the  "  things  that  pertain  to  the  wants  and  the 
support  of  this  present  life." 

338.  How  shall  we  show  that  we  are  sensible  that 
our  daily  bread  is  the  gift  of  God  ? 

When  we  do  not,  like  "  the  wicked,"  merely  ac- 
cept our  daily  bread,  but  u  receive  it  with  thanks- 
giving" enjoy  it  with  contentment  and  moderation, 
and  cheerfully  share  it  with  others. 

Deut.  8  : 10.  When  thou  hast  eaten  and  art  full,  then  thou 
shalt  bless  the  Lord  thy  God  for  the  good  land  which  he  hath 
given  thee. 

1  Tim.  4  :  4,  5.  For  every  creature  of  God  is  good,  an  J 
nothing  to  be  refused,  if  it  be  received  with  thanksgiving:  for 
It  is  sanctified  by  the  word  of  God  and  prayer. 

1  Tim.  6  :  6-8.  But  godliness  with  contentment  is  great  gain. 
For  we  brought  nothing  into  this  world,  and  it  is  certain  we  can 
carry  nothing  out.  And  having  food  and  raiment,  let  us  be 
therewith  content. 

Heb.  13  : 16.  But  to  do  good  and  to  communicate,  forgot 
not  *  fQ?  w'th  such  sacrifices  God  is  well  pleased. 


THE  LORD  S  PRAYER. 


103 


The  fifth  Petition. 

And  forgive  us  our  trespasses,  as  we  for- 
give those  who  trespass  against  us. 

What  is  meant  by  this  petition  ? 

We  pray  in  this  petition  that  our  heavenly 
Father  would  not  regard  our  sins,  nor  deny 
lis  our  requests  on  account  of  them ;  for  we 
are  not  worthy  of  anything  for  which  we 
pray,  and  we  have  not  merited  it ;  but  that 
he  would  grant  us  all  things  through  grace, 
although  we  daily  commit  much  sin,  and 
deserve  chastisement  alone.  We  will  there- 
fore, on  our  part,  both  heartily  forgive,  and 
also  readily  do  good  to  those  who  may  injure 
or  offend  us. 

339.  What  do  we  confess,  as  often  as  we  utter  this 
petition  ? 

(a).  "  That  we  daily  commit  much  sin,  and  de- 
serve chastisement  alone. " 

(6).  That  we  are  sorry  that  it  is  so,  and  that  we 
long  to  be  freed  from  this  burden. 

(c).  That  God  alone,  and  not  we  ourselves,  has 
the  power  to  remit  our  sin  and  punishment. 

(77).  That  we  cannot  expect  forgiveness  from 
God,  unless  "  we,  on  our  part,  both  heartily  forgive, 
and  also  readily  do  good  to  those  who  may  injure  or 
offend  us." 

340.  Do  we  acquire  any  merit  by  forgiving  "those 
who  trespass  against  us  ?  " 

By  no  means  !  Our  granting  forgiveness  to  others 
is  to  be  the  offering  of  gratitude  which  we  owe  to 
God  for  forgiving  our  trespasses. 

Matt.  6:14,  15.  F)r  if  ye  forgive  men  their  trespasses,  your 


104        EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CAJFXHISM 


heavenly  Father  will  also  forgive  you  :  but  if  ye  forgive  no4 
men  their  trespasses,  neither  will  your  Father  forgive  your 
trespasses. 

Matt.  18  :  28-35. 

341.  How  therefore  are  we  to  regard  the  forgi ve nc$* 
of  our  sins  ? 

Like  all  the  other  blessings  for  which  we  ask  in 
this  prayer,  as  a  free  gift  of  God's  grace,  "  for  wa 
are  not  worthy  of  anything  for  which  we  pray,  and 
we  have  not  merited  it." 

The  Sixth  Petition. 
And  lead  us  not  into  temptation. 

What  is  meant  by  this  petition? 

God  indeed  tempts  no  one  to  sin ;  but  we 
pray  in  this  petition  that  God  would  so 
guard  and  preserve  us,  that  the  devil,  the 
world,  and  our  own  flesh,  may  not  deceive 
us.  nor  lead  us  into  error  and  unbelief,  des- 
pair, and  other  great  and  shameful  sins ; 
and  that,  though  we  may  be  thus  tempted, 
we  may  nevertheless  finally  prevail  and  gain 
the  victory. 

342.  When  are  we  tempted? 

As  often  as  we  receive  a  special  occasion  and  in- 
citement to  do  that  which  is  goon7,  and  to  grow 
stronger  in  faith,  or  to  do  evil  and  to  fall  from  faith. 

343.  From  whom  does  the  incitement  to  do  good  pro- 
ceed? 

From  God,  by  means  of  his  commandments  and 
promises,  afflictions  and  blessings,  in  order  that  man 
may  learn  to  know  his  own  heart. 

Deut.  8  :  2.  3.  And  thou  shalt  remember  all  the  way  wmsb 
the  Lord  thy  God  led  thee  these  forty  years  in  the  wilderm  'g, 
to  humble  tbee,  and  to  prove  thee,  to  know  what  was  \n  thy  hec  i. 


THE  LORD'S  PRAYER 


105 


whether  thou  wouldst  keep  his  commandments  or  no.  And  he 
Humbled  thee,  and  suffered  thee  to  hunger,  and  fed  thee  with 
manna,  which  thou  knewest  not,  neither  did  thy  fathers  know. 

Ps.  139  :  23,  24.  Search  me,  0  God,  and  know  my  heart: 
Sry  me,  and  know  my  thoughts  :  and  see  if  there  be  any  wicked 
way  in  me,  and  lead  me  in  the  way  everlasting* 

344.  Against  what  kind  of  temptation  do  we  here 
pray? 

Against  temptation  to  evil,  which  does  not  pro- 
ceed from  God,  but  from  the  devil,  the  world,  and 
our  own  flesh. 

James  1 :  13.  Let  no  man  say,  when  he  is  tempted,  I  am 
tempted  of  God :  for  God  cannot  be  tempted  with  evil,  neither 
tempteth  he  any  man. 

345.  How  do  these  three  enemies  tempt  us? 

The  Devil  instils  wicked  thoughts;  the  world 
follows  him;  and  we,  enticed  by  our  own  flesh,  fol- 
low both. 

Ephes.  6  :  12.  For  we  wrestle  not  against  flesh  and  blood, 
but  against  principalities,  against  powers,  against  the  rulers  of 
the  darkness  of  this  world,  against  spiritual  wickedness  in  high 
places. 

Matt.  18  :  7.  Wo  unto  the  world  because  of  offences  !  for  it 
must  needs  be  that  offences  come  ;  but  wo  to  that  man  by  whom 
the  offence  cometh  ! 

Gal.  5  :  17.  For  the  flesh  lusteth  against  the  Spirit,  and  the 
Spirit  against  the  flesh  :  and  these  are  contrary  the  one  to  the 
other :  so  that  ye  cannot  do  the  things  that  ye  would. 

Gen.  3  :  1-6  j  1  Kings  11  :  4-6. 

346.  How  do  these  tempters  lead  us  to  do  evil  ? 

(a).  They  "  deceive"  us  by  representing  our  twiV 
fortune  to  be  our  fortune,  and  our  fortune  as  a  mi* 
fortune. 

The  terpent,  Gen.  3  :  4,  5. 

(h).  They  "  lead  us"  astray,  by  representing  the 
right  way  as  the  wrong  way,  and  the  wrong  way 
as  the  right  way. 


The  Detil,  Matt  4  :  1-9. 


106        EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM 

(c).  They  plunge  us  into  error  and  unbelief \ 
carnal  security,  despair,  "  and  other  great  and 
shameful  sins/' 

Judas,  Matt.  26  :  20-25. 

347.  But  why  do  we  pray  God  that  he  would  no$ 
lead  us  into  temptation? 

We  are  everywhere  surrounded  by  temptation; 
and  God,  on  account  of  our  sins,  may  suffer  us  to 
fall  into  it,  and  perish  in  it. 

348.  What,  therefore,  do  we  ask  of  him,  according 
to  Luther's  explanation? 

That  God  "  would  guard  and  preserve  us,"  "and 
that,  though  we  may  be  thus  tempted,  we  may 
nevertheless  finally  prevail  and  gain  the  victory." 

1  Cor.  10  :  13*  There  hath  no  temptation  taken  you  but 
such  as  is  common  to  man:  but  God  is  faithful,  who  will  not 
suffer  you  to  be  tempted  above  that  ye  are  able;  but  will,  with 
the  temptation,  also  make  a  way  to  escape,  that  ye  may  be  able 
to  bear  it. 

Ps.  17  :  5.  Hold  up  my  goings  in  thy  paths,  that  my  foot- 
steps slip  not. 

349.  But  what  does  God  require  of  us  when  we 
present  this  petition  ? 

1.  That  we  should  realize  the  dangers  to  which 
we  are  exposed  in  a  world  abounding  with  so  many 
enemies. 

2.  That  we  should  earnestly  avoid  every  place 
and  occasion  in  which  we  are  exposed  to  temptation. 

3.  That  we  should  faithfully  use  the  means  and 
weapons  which  he  has  provided,  in  order  to  over- 
come  temptation. 

4.  That  we  should  beware  of  ever  becoming,  by 
word  or  deed,  a  tempter  to  evil  to  our  neighbor. 

Matt.  26  :  41.    Watch  and  pray,  that  ye  enter  not  mU 
temptation. 
Ephes.  6  :  12. 


THE  LORD'S  PRAYER.  107 

1  Cor.  15  :  33.  Be  not  deceived  :  evil  communications  cor- 
rupt good  manners. 

Prov.  1  :  10.  My  son,  if  sinners  entice  thee,  consent  tho» 
not. 

Matt.  4  :  7.    Thou  shalt  not  tempt  the  Lord  thy  God, 
Matt.  18:  7;  Ephes.  6  :  14-18. 

The  Seventh  Petition. 
But  deliver  us  from  evil. 

What  is  meant  by  this  petition  ? 

We  pray  in  this  petition,  as  in  a  sum- 
mary, that  our  heavenly  Father  would  de- 
liver us  from  all  manner  of  evil,  whether  it 
affect  the  body  or  soul,  property  or  cha- 
racter, and,  at  last,  when  the  hour  of  death 
shall  arrive,  grant  us  a  happy  end,  and  gra- 
ciously take  us  from  this  world  of  sorrow 
to  himself  in  heaven. 

2^0.  What  is  meant  here  by  "evil?" 
Whatever  injures  body  or  soul,  property  or  cha- 
racrer,  and  gives  us  pain. 

CI.  Why  do  we  ask  God  to  deliver  us? 

Because  we  cannot  deliver  ourselves  from  such 
evils,  but  all  things  are  possible  with  God. 

352.  In  what  manner  does  God  deliver  us  from 
evil? 

Here  already  he  removes  our  burden,  or  makes 
it  lighter,  or  makes  us  stronger,  (t  and,  at  last,  when 
fclie  hour  of  death  arrives,  he  grants  us  a  happy 
end,  and  graciously  takes  us  from  this  world  of 
sorrow  to  himself  in  heaven." 

Ps.  68  :  19,  20.  Blessed  be  the  Lord,  who  daily  loadeth  us 
with  benefits,  even  the  God  of  our  salvation.  Selah.  He  that 
la  our  God  is  the  God  of  salvation;  and  unto  God  the  Lord 
belong  the  ismes  from  death. 


108       EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM 


Ps.  43  :  5.  Why  art  thou  cast  down,  0  my  soul?  and  why 
art  thou  disquieted  within  me?  hope  in  God:  for  I  shall  yet 
praise  him,  who  is  the  health  of  my  countenance,  and  my  God, 

2  Tim.  4  :  18.    And  the  Lord  shall  deliver  me  from  every 
evil  work,  and  will  preserve  me  unto  his  heavenly  kingdom 
to  whom  be  glory  for  ever  and  ever.  Amen. 

353.  Should  we  expect  to  be  delivered  from  all  evi 
In  this  world  ? 

No !  For  God  finds  it  necessary  to  chasten  us 
with  manifold  temporal  afflictions,  in  order  that  he 
may  be  able  to  comfort  us  for  ever  in  the  world  to 

come. 

Heb.  12  :  5-7,  11.  My  son* despise  not  thou  the  chastening 
of  the  Lord,  nor  faint  when  thou  art  rebuked  of  him  :  for 
whom  the  Lord  loveth  he  chasteneth,  and  scourgeth  every  son 
whom  he  receiveth.  If  ye  endure  chastening,  God  dealeth 
with  you  as  with  sons;  for  what  son  is  he  whom  the  father 
chasteneth  not?  Now  no  chastening  for  the  present  seemetb 
to  be  joyous,  but  grievous:  nevertheless  afterward  it  yieldeth 
the  peaceable  fruit  of  righteousness  unto  them  which  are  exer- 
cised thereby. 

2  Cor.  4  :  17,  18.  For  our  light  affliction,  which  is  but  for  a 
moment,  worketh  for  us  a  far  more  exceeding  and  eternal 
weight  of  glory;  while  we  look  not  at  the  things  which  are 
seen,  but  at  the  things  which  are  not  seen  :  for  the  things 
which  are  seen  are  temporal ;  but  the  things  which  are  not 
seen  are  eternal. 

354.  How,  therefore,  should  we  bear  that  cross  from 
which  God  does  not  deliver  us  ? 

With  patient  resignation  to  God's  holy  will,  and 
for  our  own  exercise  unto  godliness. 

1  Sam.  3  :  18.  It  is  the  Lord  :  let  him  do  what  seemetb 
him  good.  , 

Job  1  :  21.  The  Lord  gave,  and  the  Lord  hath  taken 
away ;  blessed  be  the  name  of  the  Lord. 

2  Cor.  12  :  9,  10.  And  he  said  unto  me,  My  grace  is  suffi- 
cient for  thee:  for  my  strength  is  made  perfect  in  weakness. 
Most  gladly  therefore  will  I  rather  glory  in  my  infirmities, 
that  the  power  of  Christ  may  rest  upon  me.  Therefore  I  take 
pleasure  in  infirmities,  in  reproaches,  in  necessities,  in  perse- 
cutions, in  distresses  for  Christ's  sake:  for  when  I  am  weak 
then  am  I  str<  ng. 


THE  LORD'S  PRAYER. 


109 


«<v>  v  18  deliverance  and  redempticn  perfect  only 
iL  fiea^n  t 

because  there  we  shall  no  longer  feel,  fear,  or  look 
upon  any  evil  whatever. 

Rev.  7  :  13-15.  What  are  these  which  are  arrayed  in  white 
robot  ?  and  whence  came  they  ?  And  I  said  unto  him,  Sir,  thou 
knowect.  And  he  said  unto  me,  These  are  they  which  came  out 
of  great  tribulation,  and  have  washed  their  robes,  and  inadte 
them  white  in  the  blood  of  the  Lamb.  Therefore  are  they  before 
the  throne  of  God,  and  serve  him  day  and  night,  in  his  temple. 

Rev.  21  :  4.  And  God  shall  wipe  away  all  tears  from  their 
eyes;  and  there  shall  be  no  more  death,  neither  sorrow,  nor 
crying,  neither  shall  there  be  any  more  pain :  for  the  former 
things  are  passed  away. 

The  Conclusion. 

For  thine  is  the  kingdom,  and  the  power, 
and  the  glory,  for  ever  and  ever.  Amen. 

What  is  meant  by  the  word  "Amen?" 

That  I  should  he  assured  that  such  peti- 
tions are  acceptable  to  our  heavenly  Father, 
and  are  heard  of  him ;  for  he  himself  has 
commanded  us  to  pray  in  this  manner,  and 
has  promised  that  he  will  hear  us.  Amen, 
amen ;  that  is,  Yea,  yea,  it  shall  be  so. 

356.  What  do  we  wish  to  express  by  this  "  conclu- 
sion?" 

First  of  all,  the  praise  of  God,  to  whom  alone  all 
honor  and  thanks  belong;  and  then,  the  (/round  of 
our  faith,  that  God  can  and  will  hear  our  prayers. 

Rom.  11  :  36.  For  of  him,  and  through  him,  and  to  him, 
are  all  things  :  to  whom  be  glory  forever.  Amen. 

Heb.  4  :  16.  Let  us  therefore  come  boldly  unto  the  throne 
of  grace,  that  we  may  obtain  mercy,  and  find  grace  to  help  in 
time  of  need. 

Ps.  90  :  1,  2.    Lord,  thou  hast  been  our  dwelling  place  in  all 
generations.   Before  the  mountains  were  brought  forth,  or  ever 
thou  hadst  formed  the  earth  and  the  w*r!4f  eve*  *"*m  everlast- 
ing to  everlasting,  thou  art  God. 
10 


110       EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 

357.  Why  do  we  add  the  little  word  "Amen"  to  thia 
and  all  other  prayers  ? 

As  a  seal  upon  all  our  petitions,  and  as  an  expres- 
Eion  of  the  assurance  of  our  faith :  "  yea,  yea,  it 
shall  be  so!" 


OF  THE  HOLY  SACRAMENTS. 

358.  What  is  a  sacrament? 

A  holy  ordinance  in  the  church  of  Christ,  instituted 
by  Christ  himself,  in  the  administration  of  which, 
invisible,  heavenly  gifts  of  the  New  Testament  are 
communicated  to  us,  in,  with,  and  under  earthly,  visi- 
ble elements. 

359.  How  many  sacraments  are  there? 

Only  two  :  Holy  Baptism,  and  the  Lord's  Supper  ; 
for  these  two  alone  present  the  three  essential  points 
of  a  sacrament,  namely : 

1.  The  express  institution  of  Christ. 

2.  The  earthly  elements;  and 

3.  The  invisible,  heavenly  gifts  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment. 

360.  Wherein  do  other  holy  rites  in  the  Christian 
church  differ  from  the  sacraments? 

In  this,  that  however  solemn  and  important  they 
may  be,  there  is  not  one  in  which  all  the  three  es- 
sential points,  before  spoken  of,  meet.  Therefore  the 
Roman  Catholic  church  erroneously  teaches  that  then 
are  seven  sacraments. 

361.  What  two  holy  ordinances  of  the  Old  Testament 
typified  the  two  sacraments  of  the  New  Testament? 

Circumcision,  which  prefigured  Baptism,  and  the 
Paswver,  which  prefigured  the  Lord's  Suj:  per.  (Gen 
17    Exodus  12.) 


THE  HOLY  SACRAMENTS. 


Ill 


362.  For  what  purpose  were  the  holy  sacraments 
instituted? 

That  they,  (together  with  the  Word  op  God), 
might  be  to  us  means  of  grace. 

3G3.  Why  do  we  call  the  word  of  God,  and  the  hol$ 
sacraments  means  of  grace  ? 

Because  God  employs  them  as  means  or  instru- 
merits,  by  which  he  makes  known  and  communicates 
his  grace  to  us. 

364.  In  what  respects  do  the  holy  sacraments,  as 
means  of  grace,  differ  from  the  word  of  God  ? 

That  grace,  which  the  word  of  God  makes  known 
and  offers  to  all,  the  holy  sacraments  confirm,  seal, 
and  communicate  to  each  individual  in  particular. 

365.  Will  the  sacraments  benefit  any  one  without 
faith  f 

No !  for  although  the  sacraments  in  themselves 
are  holy  and  full  of  blessings,  they  cannot  possibly 
bestow  a  blessing  upon  any  on-e  who  does  not  seek 
and  receive  them  in  faith. 

366.  As  the  holy  sacraments,  therefore,  are  means 
of  grace,  what  follows  ? 

1.  That,  with  grateful  and  believing  hearts,  we 
should  highly  esteem  and  use  them. 

2.  That  those  who  lightly  esteem  or  neglect  them, 
disobey  the  injunctions  of  Christ,  deprive  themselves 
of  a  great  blessing,  and  set  a  bad  example  to  others. 

3.  That  those  who  desecrate  and  abuse  them,  incut 
great  guilt,  and  change  the  blessing  into  a  ^,urse. 


112        EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


PART  IV. 

THE  SACRAMENT  OF  HOLY 
BAPTISM. 

I. 

What  is  Baptism? 

Baptism  is  not  simply  water,  but  it  is  the 
water  comprehended  in  God's  command, 
and  connected  with  God's  word. 

What  is  that  word  of  God? 

It  is  that  which  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ 
spake,  as  it  is  recorded  in  the  last  chapter 
of  Matthew,  verse  19 :  "  Go  ye  and  teach 
all  nations,  baptizing  them  in  the  name  of 
the  Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy 
Ghost." 

Obs.  —  The  following  is  a  correct  translation  of 
the  passage:  "Go  ye  therefore  and  make  disciples 
of  all  nations  by  baptizing  them  in  the  name  of  the 
Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost, 
and  by  teaching  them  to  observe  all  things  whatso- 
ever I  have  commanded  you." 

367.  What,  according  to  Christ's  appointment,  is 

the  earthly  element  in  Baptism  ? 

The  water  which  is  applied  to  the  person  bap- 
tized, for  without  water  there  is  no  baptism.  In 
regard  to  the  quantity  of  water,  or  the  manner  of 
its  application,  whether  by  immersion  or  sprinkling \ 
the  Lord  has  given  no  commandment. 

368.  Why  does  Luther,  in  the  explanation,  say  it 
"  &  not  simply  water  f" 

Because  the  water,  in  holy  baptism,  is  "  compre- 


THE    SACRAMENT    OF    HOLY    BAPTISM.  113 

hendcd  in  God's  command,  and  connected  with 
God's  word.' 

369.  What  is  meant  by  "  comprehended  in  God't 
command?" 

That  we  use  water  in  holy  baptism  not  arbitrarily, 
but  in  obedience  to  the  express  command  of  out 
Lord  Jesus  Christ :  "  Go  ye  and  teach  all  nations, 
baptizing  them" 

370.  What  is  meant  by  "  connected  with  God's  word?" 
Because  there  is  no  administration  of  baptism, 

at  which  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ's  words  of  insti- 
tution are  not  repeated  :  "  In  the  name  of  the  Father, 
and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost." 

.  371.  What  is  meant  by  baptizing  in  the  name  of  the 
triune  God? 

It  is  to  baptize  in  obedience  to  his  command,  in 
his  place,  and  unto  fellowship  or  covenant  relation 
with  him. 

372.  In  how  far  is  baptism  performed  in  the  place 
of  God? 

Because  the  baptism  administered  in  obedience 
to  Christ's  command,  is  as  valuable  and  effective,  as 
if  the  triune  God  himself  had  performed  it. 

373.  In  how  far  is  it  unto  fellowship  ? 

Because  by  baptism  we  are  introduced  into  the 
fellowship  and  communion  of  the  triune  God,  and 
he  will  henceforth  be  our  God,  and  we  are  to  Is 
his  children. 

1  Pet.  3  :  21.  The  like  figure  whereunto  even  baptism  doth 
also  now  save  us  (not  the  putting  away  of  the  filth  of  the  flesh, 
but  the  answer  of  a  good  conscience  toward  God). 

Gal.  3  :  26,  27.  For  ye  are  all  the  children  of  God  by  faitb 
in  Christ  Jesus.  For  as  many  of  you  as  have  been  baptized 
Into  Christ  have  put  on  Christ. 

374.  Who  was  commanded  to  baptize? 
10* 


114        EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM 

Those  who  were  also  commanded  to  "  teach* 

aamely,  the  regularly  called  ministers  of  Christ, 

375.  Who  is  to  be  baptized? 

All  nations,  i.  e.  all  men,  without  distinction  of 
•ex,  condition,  and  age,  according  to  the  practice 
t>f  the  apostles  themselves. 

376.  Is  it  right  to  baptize  infants  also? 

Most  certainly,  and  that  too  on  account  of  many 
and  weighty  reasons,  but  especially  because  : 

1.  Our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  declares  :  "  of  such  is 
the  kingdom  of  God."  (Mark  10  :  14-16.)  There- 
fore  they  are  also  entitled  to  that  by  which  we  enter 
into  the  kingdom  of  God,  viz  :  baptism. 

2.  He  directs  us  to  bring  them  to  him  ;  therefore 
we  should  bring  them  in  the  way  appointed  by  him, 
baptizing  and  teaching  them.  (Matt.  19  :  14 ;  28  : 
19,  20. 

3.  As  in  the  Old  Testament  children  were  re- 
ceived (by  circumcision)  into  the  covenant  of  God, 
so  also  are  we  assured  in  the  new  covenant,  "  the 
promise  is  unto  you,  and  to  your  children"  (Acts 
2  :  39.) 

4.  The  Holy  Scriptures  inform  us  that  entire 
families  were  baptized  by  the  Apostles.  (Acts  16  : 
15,  33 j  1  Cor.  1  :  16.) 

5.  Because  every  baptism,  even  that  of  adults,  is 
essentially  an  infant  baptism,  for  our  Lord  says : 
"  Yerily,  I  say  unto  you,  except  ye  be  converted, 
and  become  as  little  children,  ye  shall  not  en  er  into 
the  kingdom  of  heaven/'    (Matt.  18  :  3.) 

II. 

What  gifts  or  benefits  does  Baptism  convey? 

It  worketh  forgiveness  of  sins,  lei  i vers 


THE  SACRAMENT  OF  HOLY  BAPTISM.  115 


from  death  and  the  devil,  and  confers  ever- 
lasting salvation  on  all  who  believe  aa  the 
word  and  promise  of  God  declare. 

What  are  these  words  and  promises  of  God? 

Those  which  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  spake, 
as  they  are  recorded  in  the  last  chapter  of 
Merk,  verse  16  :  "  He  that  believeth  and  ia 
baptized  shall  be  saved;  but  he  that  be- 
lieveth not  shall  be  damned." 

377.  Why  does  Luther  say,  that  Baptism  conveys 
these  great  gifts  and  benefits  ? 

Because  the  person  baptized  is  received,  through 
this  holy  sacrament,  into  the  covenant  of  the  triune 
God,  which  covenant  contains  and  communicates  all 
these  gifts. 

378.  In  how  far  does  baptism  work  the  forgiveness 
of  sins,  etc.  ? 

In  so  far  as  it  is  the  divinely-appointed  means  of 
grace,  by  which  he  ascribes,  seals,  and  appropriates 
these  gifts  and  benefits  of  his  covenant  to  each 
individual. 

Acts  2  :  38.  Repent,  and  be  baptized  every  one  of  you  in 
the  name  of  Jesus  Christ  for  the  remission  of  sins,  and  ye  shall 
receive  the  gift  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 

Acts  22  :  16..  And  now  why  tarries!  vhou?  arise,  and  be 
baptized,  and  wash  away  thy  sins,  calling  on  the  name  of  the 
Lord. 

379.  Are  these  great  gifts  bestowed  upon  all  who 
are  baptized? 

Undoubtedly,  upon  children  as  well  as  adults. 

380.  But  how  then  does  it  come  that  so  many  bap- 
tised persons  live  and  die  in  their  sins  f 

Not  because  they  never  received  the  blessings  of 
holy  baptism,  but  because  they  have  lost  them 
again. 


116        EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 

381.  But  who  are  they  that  retain  these  blessings"  1 
Only  u  all  who  believe"  that  baptism  has  sealed 

such  gifts  and  benefits  unto  them,  and  who  make  a 
good  use  of  them,  as  long  as  they  live. 

382.  Whence  do  you  know  this? 

Because  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  says,  in  the  las 
chapter  of  Mark,  verse  16  :  "  He  that  believeth  and 
is  baptized  shall  be  saved  ;  but  he  that  believeth  not 
shall  be  damned." 

III. 

How  .can  water  produce  such  great  effects  ? 

It  is  not  the  water  indeed  that  produces 
these  effects,  but  the  word  of  God  which 
accompanies  and  is  connected  with  the 
water,  and  our  faith  which  relies  on  the 
word  of  God  connected  with  the  water. 
For  the  water,  without  the  word  of  God,  is 
simply  water  and  no  baptism.  But  when 
connected  with  the  word  of  God,  it  is  a 
baptism,  that  is,  a  gracious  water  of  life  and 
a  "  washing  of  regeneration "  in  the  Holy 
Ghost ;  as  St.  Paul  says  to  Titus,  in  the 
third  chapter,  verses  5-8:  "  According  to 
his  mercy  he  saved  us,  by  the  washing  of 
regeneration,  and  renewing  of  the  Holy 
Ghost;  which  he  shed  on  us  abundantly 
through  Jesus  Christ  our  Saviour;  that  be- 
ing justified  by  his  grace,  we  should  be 
made  heirs  according  to  the  hope  of  eternal 
life.    This  is  a  faithful  saying.' ' 

383.  What,  in  the  sacrament  of  holy  baptism,  pro- 
duces "such  great  effects?" 

Not  the  water  in  itself,  ((but  the  word  of  God 


THE  SACRAMENT  OF  HOLY  BAPTISM.  117 

which  accompanies  and  is  connected  with  the 
water." 

384.  What  word  of  God  is  here  meant? 

The  words  of  institution  and  the  words  of  promise, 
which  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  has  connected  with 
holy  baptism.    (Matt.  28;  Mark  16.) 

385.  Why  are  such  effects  ascribed  to  "  the  word 
of  God  which  accompanies  and  is  connected  with  the 
baptismal  water  ? 

Because  in  the  word  of  God  the  Holy  Ghosc,  the 
power  of  the  Highest,  dwelleth  and  worketh. 

John  6  :  63.  The  words  that  I  speak  unto  you,  they  are 
spirit,  and  they  are  life. 

Ephes.  5  :  26.  That  he  might  sanctify  and  cleanee  it  with 
the  washing  of  water  by  the  word. 

James  1  :  18.  Of  his  own  will  begat  he  us  with  the  word 
of  truth,  that  we  should  be  a  kind  of  first-fruits  of  his 
creatures. 

386.  What,  therefore,  does  Baptism  become,  by 
such  a  sacramental  union  of  water,  word,  and  Holy 
Spirit  f 

"A  gracious  water  of  life  and  a  washing  of  re- 
generation in  the  Holy  Ghost/'  as  St.  Paul  says  to 
Titus. 

387.  But  what  also  is  indispensably  necessary  on 
our  part,  in  order  that  we  may  experience  the  bless- 
ings of  baptism  ? 

u  Our  faith  which  relies  on  the  word  of  God  con* 
necked  with  the  water"  in  which  faith  we  take  hold 
of  the  grace  of  God;  and  do  not  doubt  of  the 
promise  given  by  him. 

388.  Why  is  baptism  called  a  "  washing  of  regene- 
ration f 

Because  with  it  the  new  spiritual  life  from  Goa 
has  its  beginning,  as  formerly  our  fleshly  life  had 
ite  beginning  in  our  natural  birth. 


118        EXPLANATION  OP  THE  CATECHISM 


IV. 

What  does  such  baptizing  with  water  signify  ? 

It  signifies  that  the  old  Adam  in  us  is  to 
be  drowned  and  destroyed  by  daily  sorrcw 
and  repentance,  together  with  all  sins  and 
evil  lusts ;  and  that  again  the  new  man 
should  daily  come  forth  and  rise,  that  shall 
live  in  the  presence  of  God  in  righteousness 
and  purity  forever. 

"Where  is  it  so  written? 

St.  Paul,  in  the  epistle  to  the  Eomans, 
chap.  6,  verse  4,  says :  "  We  are  buried 
with  Christ  by  baptism  into  death ;  that 
like  as  he  was  raised  up  from  the  dead  by 
the  glory  of  the  Father,  even  so  we  also 
should  walk  in  newness  of  life." 

389.  What  is  meant  by  the  "old  Adam?" 

All  the  evil  that  we  have  inherited,  on  account 
of  the  Fall  of  Adam,  and  that  is  born  with  us,  to- 
gether with  everything  that  springs  from  it. 

390.  To  what  does  the  administration  of  baptism 
call  our  attention,  as  often  as  we  behold  it  or  are  re- 
minded of  it  ? 

That  this  "  old  Adam  in  us"  "  together  with  all 
sins  and  evil  lusts"  must  be  destroyed  "  by  daily 
wrrou  and  repentance." 

391.  Why  is  daily  sorrow  and  repentance  required?  ^ 
Because  this  "  old  Adam"  never  dies  entirely,  in 

this  life,  but  immediately  regains  his  strength,  if 
we  do  not,  in  daily  humiliation  before  God,  buUd 
afresh  on  the  grace  given  to  us  in  baptism. 

392.  What  further  does  such  baptizing  signify! 


THE  SACRAMENT  OF  HOLY  BAPTISM.  11$ 


4  That  again  the  new  man  should  daily  come  forth 
ana  iise,  that  shall  live  in  the  presence  of  God  in 
righteousness  and  purity  for  ever." 

393.  What  is  meant  by  "  the  new  man?" 

The  regenerated  or  new-born  man,  who  has  re- 
ceived a  new  heart  and  a  new  spirit  from  God. 

394.  Why  should  the  new  man  come  forth  and  rise 
daily  f 

Just  as  the  old  man  does  not  die  at  once,  so  also 
the  new  man  is  not  completed  at  once.  Just  as  we 
daily  commit  sin,  so  also  must  we  daily  arise  from 
our  sins. 

Ephes.  4  :  22-24.  That  ye  put  off  concerning  the  former 
conversation  the  old  man,  which  is  corrupt  according  to  the 
deceitful  lusts ;  and  be  renewed  in  the  spirit  of  your  mind ;  find 
that  ye  put  on  the  new  man,  which  after  God  is  created  in 
righteousness  and  true  holiness. 

Philip.  3  :  12.  Not  as  though  I  had  already  attained,  either 
were  already  perfect:  but  I  follow  after,  if  that  I  may  appre- 
hend that  for  which  also  I  am  apprehended  of  Christ  Jesus. 

395.  What  does  St.  Paul  mean  by  the  words  ad- 
dressed  to  the  Romans,  chap.  6,  verse  4  ? 

Just  as  Christ  is  buried,  so  with  him  our  sins  are 
also  buried  by  baptism,  and  we  are  to  suffer  them 
to  remain  buried;  and  on  the  other  hand,  just  as 
he  was  raised  up  from  the  dead,  and  came  forth 
alive,  so  we  too  are  to  prove  that  we  have  arisen, 
and  are  living  in  newness  of  life. 


396.  As  baptism  is  a  covenant,  how  can  a  child  as- 
sume the  obligations  of  such  a  covenant  ? 

This  is  done,  in  the  name  of  the  child,  by  its 
sponsors,  or  by  its  parents,  performing  the  part  of 
sponsors. 

397.  What  is  the  duty  of  a  sponsor  t 

To  pray  for  tie  child,  before,  during,  and  after 
baptism;  and  afterwards  to  take  care  that  the  child 


120        EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


is  brought  up  in  the  nurture  and  admonition  of  th* 
Lord ;  to  remind  it  of  its  baptismal  covenant ;  and 
by  a  good  example  teach  it  how  the  covenant  is  to 
be  kept. 

398.  What,  therefore,  should  parents  bear  in  mind 
in  the  selection  of  sponsors? 

They  should  never  choose  any  but  believing 
members  of  the  church,  who  honor  the  word  and 
sacraments  of  God,  and  lead  a  godly  life,  for  only 
such  will  faithfully  discharge  the  duties  of  a  sponsor 

399.  When  do  you  publicly  assume  the  obligations, 
entered  into  for  you,  by  others,  at  the  time  of  your 
baptism  ? 

At  the  time  of  my  Confirmation,  when,  with 
my  own  lips,  I  renew  and  confirm  my  faith  and  my 
voids,  in  the  presence  of  the  congregation,  and  am 
strengthened  and  established  in  the  same,  amidst 
the  laying  on  of  hands,  and  the  prayers  of  the 
people  for  my  increase  in  the  gracious  influences 
of  the  Holy  Spirit. 

400.  What,  however,  must  necessarily  precede  conr 
firmation  ? 

That  in  addition  to  the  Christian  instruction  re- 
ceived at  home  and  in  school,  I  should  also  be 
specially  and  properly  prepared  for  confirmation  by 
the  minister  of  the  gospel. 

401.  Do  you  enter  into  a  new  covenant  in  confirm  a* 
tion? 

Just  as  little  as  I  receive  a  new  name  at  that 
time.  I  only  confirm  the  old  covenant,  which  is  to 
last  for  ever. 

Isa.  55  :  3.  Incline  your  ear,  and  come  unto  inc:  hear,  and 
your  soul  shall  live ;  and  I  will  make  an  everlasting  covenant 
with  you,  even  the  sure  mercies  of  David. 

Eccles.  5  :  4.  When  thou  vowest  a  vow  unto  God,  defer  not  to 
pay  it 


THE  SACRAMENT  OF  THE  ALTAR.  121 


PART  V. 
THE  SACRAMENT  OF  THE  ALTAR 
L 

What  is  the  Sacrament  of  the  Altar  ? 

It  is  the  true  body  and  blood  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  under  the  bread  and  wine, 
given  unto  us  Christians  to  eat  and  to  drink, 
as  it  was  instituted  by  Christ  himself. 

Where  is  it  so  written? 

The  holy  evangelists,  Matthew,  Mark, 
and  Luke,  together  with  St.  Paul,  write 
thus:  "  Our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  the  same 
•  night  in  which  he  was  betrayed,  took  bread: 
and  when  he  had  given  thanks,  he  brake  it, 
and  gave  it  to  the  disciples,  and  said,  Take, 
eat;  this  is  my  body,  which  is  given  for 
you  :  this  do,  in  remembrance  of  me.  After 
the  same  manner  also  he  took  the  cup,  when 
he  had  supped,  gave  thanks,  and  gave  it  to 
them,  saying,  Drink  ye  all  of  it :  this  cup 
is  the  new  testament  in  my  blood,  which  is 
shed  for  you,  for  the  remission  of  sins  :  this 
do  ye,  as  oft  as  ye  drink  it,  in  remembrance 
of  me/' 

402.  Mention  the  different  names  given  to  this  sacra 
inent  ? 

The  Sacrament  of  the  Altar,  because,  from  the 
most  ancient  times,  it  has  been  celebrated  at  the 
altar ;  the  Lord's  Supper,  on  account  of  the  time 
when  it  was  instituted;  table  of  the  Lord,  because 
11 


122       EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


Christ  himself  here  gives  us  food  and  drink ;  com* 
munion,  because  it  is  a  communion  between  Christ 
and  his  believers,  and  a  communion  of  believers  with 
one  another  ;  the  Eucharist,  on  account  of  the  giving 
of  thanks  attending  its  administration  and  reception. 

103.  What  earthly  elements  did  our  Lord  Jesus  Chrial 
institute  in  this  sacrament? 
Bread  and  Wine. 

404.  And  what  is  the  heavenly  gift  of  grace  in  this 
sacrament  ? 

"  It  is  the  true  body  and  blood  of  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  under  the  bread  and  wine,  given  unto  us 
Christians,  to  eat  and  to  drink,  as  it  was  instituted 
by  Christ  himself/' 

405.  "Why  does  Luther  say,  "  It  is  the  true  body  and 
blood  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ?" 

Because,  in  the  Lord's  Supper,  we  really  partake 
of  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ,  and  are  not  merely 
reminded  of  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ  by  the 
bread  and  wine. 

406.  What,  therefore,  do  we  recognize  in  the  Lord's 
Supper  ? 

Not  a  change  of  the  earthly  elements  (transubstan~ 
tiatiorC),  but  a  union  or  a  communion  of  the  bread 
and  the  body  of  Christ,  of  the  wine  and  the  blood 
of  Christ. 

1  3c*.  10  :  16.  The  cup  of  blessing,  which  we  bless,  is  it 
not  the  communion  of  the  blood  of  Christ?  The  bread  whick 
we  break,  is  it  not  the  communion  of  the  body  of  Christ? 

407.  When  does  this  union  take  place? 

Only  during  the  reception  and  participation  of 
the  holy  sacrament. 

408.  How  do  you  prove  that  "  the  true  body  and 
blocd  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ"  is  received  "under 
the  bread  and  wine  ?" 


THE  SACRAMENT  Or  THE  ALTAR  123 


By  Christ's  own  words  :  "  This  is  my  body,  which 
is  given  for  you,"  and,  "  this  cup  is  the  New  Testa- 
ment in  my  blood,  which  is  shed  for  you,  for  the 
remission  of  sins." 

409.  Are  we  able  to  comprehend  this  mysterioui 
union  ? 

No !  for  our  reason  is  not  able  to  grasp  heavenly 
things ;  but  faith  abides  by  the  words  of  Christ. 

410.  But  how  do  we  become  partakers  of  the  body 
and  blood  of  Christ  by  eating  and  drinking? 

Not  by  a  carnal  eating,  for  the  natural  nourishment 
oi  the  body,  yet  in  such  a  way  that  with  the  mouth 
we  receive  and  partake  of,  not  merely  bread  and 
wine,  but  also  the  body  'and  the  blood  of  the  Lord, 
for  the  spiritual  nourishment  of  our  inner  man,  with 
which  Christ  unites  himself  through  this  food. 

411.  Why  does  Christ,  in  the  words  of  institution, 
speak  of  a  "new  testament?" 

To  distinguish  it  from  the  Old  Testament,  or 
Covenant,  which  God  established  through  the  blood 
of  sacrificial  animals.    (Exod.  24  :  8). 

412.  What  is  the  blood  of  the  new  covenant  ? 

The  blood  of  Jesus  Christ,  because  it  "  is  shed 
for  us,  for  the  remission  of  sins." 

1  John  1  :  7.  The  blood  of  Jesus  Christ,  his  Son,  cleanseth 
us  from  all  sin. 

413.  What  are  we  taught  by  the  words:  "this  do, 
in  remembrance  of  me  ?  " 

1.  That  we  should  frequently  celebrate  this  holy 
sacrament,  and  by  no  means  withdraw  ourselves  from 
partaking  of  it. 

2.  That  both  the  ministers  of  the  word  of  God 
juad  the  people  should  ever  observe  it  in  strict  acc  ord- 
ance  with  Christ's  institution.  (Consecration  and 
Celebration). 


124        EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


3.  That,  whenever  we  celebrate  the  Lord's  Suppei, 
we  should  remember  the  love  and  atoning  death  of 
our  Saviour,  and  render  praise  and  thanksgiving 
unto  him  for  the  same. 

1  Cor.  11  :  26.  For  as  often  as  ye  eat  this  bread,  and  drink 
this  cup,  ye  do  show  the  Lord's  death  till  he  come. 

II. 

"What  benefits  are  derived  from  such  eating  and 
drinking  ? 

They  are  pointed  out  in  those  words  of 
the  institution,  "  given,  and  shed  for  you, 
for  the  remission  of  sins,,,  namely:  through 
these  words,  the  remission  of  sins,  life,  and 
salvation  are  granted  unto  us  in  the  sacra- 
ment. For  where  there  is  remission  of  sins, 
there  life  and  salvation  are  also. 

414.  What  blessings  are  here  mentioned  as  the 
benefits  derived  from  this  sacrament  ? 

u Remission  of  sins,  life,  and  salvation" 

415.  Why  does  Luther  add  life  and  salvation  to  the 
"remission  of  sins?" 

As  sin  brings  death  and  damnation,  the  forgive- 
ness of  sins  must  bring  life  and  salvation. 

Rom.  6  :  22,  23.  But  now  being  made  free  from  sin,  and 
become  servants  to  God,  ye  have  your  fruit  unto  holiness,  and 
the  end  everlasting  life.  For  the  wages  of  sin  is  death ;  but 
the  gift  of  God  is  eternal  life,  through  Jesus  Christ  our  Lord. 

416.  What  assurance  have  we  that  these  benefits 
are  given  to  us  in  this  sacrament? 

The  words  of  the  Lord:  " given,  and  shed  for 
you,  for  the  remission  of  sins"  are  a  seal  to  every 
communicant,  that  in  this  holy  sacrament  he  re- 
receives,  with  the  body  and  blood  of  the  Lord,  the 
remissiof  of  sins. 


THE  SACRAMENT  OF  THE  ALTAR. 


12* 


417.  But  have  we  not  already  received  this  precioui 
gift  in  our  baptism  ? 

Yes!  but  a  troubled  conscience  longs  for  a  re- 
newed assurance  of  the  same,  and  this  is  soleainly 
given  in  the  Lord's  Supper. 

III. 

How  can  the  bodily  eating  and  drinking  producf 
such  great  effects  ? 

The  eating  and  the  drinking,  indeed,  do 
not  produce  them ;  but  the  words  which 
stand  here,  namely:  " given,  and  shed  for 
you,  for  the  remission  of  sins ; r  9  which  words, 
besides  the  bodily  eating  and  drinking,  are 
the  chief  things  in  the  sacrament :  and  he 
who  believes  these  words,  has  that  which 
they  declare,  namely,  the  remission  of  sins. 

418.  On  what  must  we  not  rely  in  order  to  receive 
the  blessings  of  this  sacrament  ? 

On  the  outward  reception  of  it,  wherefore  Luther 
says  :  "  the  eating  and  the  drinking,  indeed,  do  not 
produce  them." 

419.  On  what  does  the  reception  of  these  blessings 
depend  ? 

On .  the  faith  of  the  communicant,  by  which  he 
applies  to  himself  the  words  of  the  Lord  in  such  a 
way  as  if  Christ  were  saying  to  him :  "  This  is  my 
body,  which  is  given  for  thee,  this  is  my  blood, 
which  is  shed  for  thee." 

420.  But  how  is  it  with  him  who  approaches  the 
Lord's  table  in  unbelief f 

He  also  receives  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ, 
uot  however  for  the  remission  of  sins,  but  "  eatetb 
Rud  drinketh  damnation  to  himself." 
11* 


126        EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


421.  What  is  meant  by  this? 

He  is  not  delivered  from  his  sins,  but  becomes 
"  guilty  of  the  body  and  blood  of  the  Lord,"  as  one 
who  has  profaned  his  holy  body. 

1  Cor.  11  :  27.  Wherefore,  whosoever  shall  eat  this  breai, 
ftnd  drink  this  cup  of  the  Lord  unworthily,  shall  be  guilty  of 
the  body  and  blood  of  the  Lord. 


Who  is  it  that  receives  this  sacrament  worthily  ? 

Fasting  and  bodily  preparation  are  indeed 
a  good  external  discipline ;  but  lie  is  truly 
worthy  and  well-prepared,  who  believes 
these  words  :  "  given,  and  shed  for  you,  for 
the  remission  of  sins.,,  But  he  who  does 
not  believe  these  words,  or  who  doubts,  is 
unworthy  and  unfit,  because  the  words  "for 
you  "  require  truly  believing  hearts. 

422.  What  are  we  taught  by  this  last  part  of  the 
article  on  the  Lord's  Supper  ? 

That  the  Lord's  Supper  may  be  received  worthily 
oi  unworthily. 

423.  What  is  necessary  in  order  that  it  may  be  re- 
ceived worthily  f 

There  should  be  a  suitable  internal  and  external 
preparation  for  the  reception  of  such  a  holy  and 


^24.  What  external  discipline  or  preparation  is  men- 
tioned by  the  Catechism  ? 

"  Fasting  and  other  bodily  preparation."  (By 
outward  propriety  in  word  and  demeanor,  and  by 
abstaining  from  enjoyments  proper  at  other  times 
iwid  distracting  worldly  engagements.) 

425.  Is  such  "good  external  discipline  "  sufficient  1 


IV. 


THE  SACRAMENT  OF  THE  ALTAR.  127 

No !  For  one  might  do  all  this,  and  yet  te  un 
prepared  inwardly. 

426.  Who  "is  truli/ worthy  and  well-prepared"  to 
receive  this  sacrament? 

He  who  believes  these  words :  "  given,  and  shed 
for  you,  for  the  remission  of  sins." 

427.  What  must  you  do,  in  order  to  ascertain  whether 
you  have  this  faith  ? 

1  must,  according  to  the  word  of  God,  earnestly 
examine  myself,  whether  I  possess  those  character- 
istics  without  which  my  faith  would  not  be  a  proper 
faith. 

2  Cor.  13  :  5.  Examine  yourselves,  whether  ye  be  in  the 
faith  ;  prove  your  own  selves. 

1  Cor.  11  :  28.  But  let  a  man  examine  himself,  and  so  let 
him  eat  of  that  bread,  and  drink  of  that  cup. 

428.  Mention  these  characteristics? 
Repentance  on  account  of  my  sins,  confidence  in 

God's  gracious  promise,  and  new  obedience. 

429.  What  is  meant  by  self-examination? 

We  examine  ourselves  when  we  search  our  own 
heart  and  conscience,  and  diligently  inquire  into 
our  repentance,  faith,  and  new  obedience. 

430.  How  do  we  inquire  into  our  repentance  ? 
When  we  search  ourselves,  whether  we  seriously 

perceive  and  acknowledge  our  sins,  confess  them 
before  God,  regard  them  with  sincere  penitencef 
abhor  them,  and  mourn  on  account  of  them. 

43 L  How  do  we  inquire  into  our  faith  f 
When  in  our  hearts  we  carefully  search  whether 
we  know  Jesus  Christ  aright,  depend  solely  c  n  his 
merits  and  grace,  and,  in  particular,  entertain  right 
•entiments  respecting  the  Lord's  Supper. 

432.  How  dD  we  inquire  into  our  new  obedience  f 


128        EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CATECHISM. 


When  we  closely  investigate  whether  it  is  oui 
3erious  purpose  henceforward  to  hate  and  avoid  sin, 
to  live,  on  the  contrary,  in  a  manner  well-pleasing 
to  Grod  and  to  our  neighbor. 

433.  What  exercises  will  greatly  aid  you  in  this 
work  of  self-examination  f 

1.  The  devout  contemplation  of  the  bitter  suffer 
ings  and  death  of  our  Lord  J esus  Christ,  for  the 
sake  of  my  sins  I 

2.  Earnest  prayer  for  the  enlightening  influence* 
of  the  Holy  Spirit 

3.  The  conscientious  use  of  the  means  and  op- 
portunities of  self-examination  provided  for  me, 
by  the  Church,  in  her  preparatory  service.  {Con- 
fession and  Absolution.} 

434.  In  what  does  this  preparatory  service  consist? 
In  this,  that  all  those  who  intend  to  appear  at 

the  Lord's  table,  after  being  exhorted  from  the  word 
of  God,  acknowledge  their  sinfulness,  confess  the 
same  before  God,  and  receive  the  comforting  decla- 
ration of  the  forgiveness  of  sin  (absolution)  from 
the  lips  of  the  minister  of  the  word,  "  as  of  God 
himself. 

435.  In  what  frame  of  mind  should  you  approach 
the  table  of  the  Lord  ? . 

With  a  humble  and  penitent  heart,  devoutly  and 
implicitly  trusting  in  the  grace  bestowed  upon  me ; 
then  shall  I  also  be  able  to  go  away  with  »  blessed, 
thankful  and  obedient  heart. 


436.  But  who  "is  unworthy  and  unfit?" 

"  He  who  does  not  believe  these  words,  or  who 
doubts,"  —  "  because  the  words  cfor  yc  u '  require 
truly  believing  hearts." 


THE  SACRAMENT  <3F  THE  ALTAR,  129 

437.  What  is  to  be  said  to  Mm  "  who  does  not  be 
lieve?" 

That  our  Lord  J esus  Christ  has  not  instituted  his 
Supper  for  unbelievers. 

438.  What  is  to  be  said  to  him  "who  doubts?" 
That  he  should  carefully  examine  himself  whether 

lie  doubts  wilfully  and  wickedly,  having  delight  in 
doubting,  or  whether  he  doubts  from  infirmity,  and 
is  filled  with  sorrow  on  account  of  his  weak  faith. 
Let  the  former  stay  away,  and  the  latter  approach ! 

439.  But  what  is  to  be  said  of  the  openly  wicked  ? 

They  are  not  to  be  admitted  to  the  LordV,  Sup- 
per unless  they  have  first  given  satisfactory  evidence 
of  repentance. 

440.  What  is  to  be  said  to  hypocrites? 

That  God  knows  them,  and  will  most  assuredly 
punish  them  for  the  profanation  of  this  sacrament. 

441.  What  do  the  Holy  Scriptures  say  of  all  who 
eat  and  drink  unworthily  ? 

1  Cor.  11  :  29.  For  he  that  eateth  and  drinketh  unwor- 
thily, eateth  and  drinketh  damnation  to  himself,  not  discern- 
ing the  Lord's  body. 

442.  But  what  does  the  same  word  of  God  say  to 
all  who  long  to  have  peace  with  God  ? 

Luke  14  :  17.  Come  •  for  all  things  are  now  ready. 
Matt.  11  :  28.    Come  unto  me,  all  ye  that  labor  and 

ARE  HEAVY  LADEN,  AND  I  WILL  GIVE  YOU  REST. 

John  6  :  37.  Him  that  cometh  to  me  I  will  in  no  wish 
cast  out. 

Rev.  3  :  20.    Behold,  I  stand  at  the  door,  and  knock: 

IF  ANY  MAN  HEAR  MY  VOICE,  AND  OPEN  THE  DOOR,  I  WILL 
COME  IN  TO  HIM,  AND  WILL  SUP  WITH  HIM,  AND  HE  WITH  ME. 

Rev.  19  :  9.    Blessed  are  they  which  are  cailed  unto 

PHE  MARRIAGE  SUPPER  OF  THE  LAMB. 


Amen. 


APPENDIX. 


THE  CHRISTIAN  CnURCH-YEAR. 

The  Christian  church-year  (or  ecclesiastical  year) 
begins  with  the  fourth  Sunday  before  Christmas,  or 
the  first  Sunday  in  the  season  of  Advent  The 
season  of  Advent  includes  the  four  Sundays  imme- 
diately preceding  Christmas,  and  m  the  period  of 
preparation  for  the  festival  of  the  Redeemer's  birth 
— or  Christmas — which  is  always  cc  tebrated  on  the 
25th  of  December.  Eight  days  after  Christmas 
comes  the  festival  of  the  circumcision  of  Christ,  on 
the  first  day  of  the  civil  year  (Neio-y ear's  day). 
On  the  6th  of  January  is  the  festival  of  Epiphany, 
which,  in  the  .Roman  Catholic  Church,  is  called  the 
festival  of  the  three  kings.  This  is  the  festival  of 
the  conversion  of  the  heathen,  and  is  founded  upon 
the  adoration  of  the  wise  men  from  the  east,  as  the 
first-fruits  of  the  heathen  world.  (Matt.  2  :  1-12.) 
This  is  followed  by  2-6  Sundays  after  Epiphany, 
according  as  Easter  comes  early  or  late. 

The  ninth  Sunday  before  Easter  is  called  Sep- 
tuagesima  (in  round  numbers,  the  seventieth,  but 
really  the  64th  day  before  Easter) ;  the  eighth 
Sunday  before  Easter  is  called  Sexagesima,  the 
60th  day  before  Easter;  the  seventh,  Quinqua- 
gesima,  or  the  50th  day  before  Easter,  or  Esto 
Mihi  (so  called  from  the  beginning  of  the  old 
church-liturgy,  which  is  taken  from  Ps.  71  :  3,  and 
is  as  follows:  "  Be  thou  my  strong  habitation!"), 
ftfid  also  the  Sunday  before  Lent,    The  following 

(130) 


THE  CHRISTIAN  CHURCH-YEAR 


131 


Tuesday  is  Shrove  Tuesday,  because  on  the  evening 
of  this  day,  in  the  ancient  church,  the  forty  days' 
fast  (Lent),  or  Quadragesimal  fast  (they  did  not 
fast  on  Sundays)   began.    The  next  day  is  Ash 

Wednesday.  After  this  come  six  Sundays  in  Lent, 
which  are  named  after  the  Latin  opening  words,  or 
the  contents,  of  the  old  Sunday  Scripture  lesson  : 

1.  Invocavit  (Ps.  91  :  15,  He  shall  call  upon  me), 
also  called  Quadragesima,  and  the  first  Sunday  in 
Lent. 

2.  Reminiscere  (from  Ps.  25  :  6,  "  llemember,  0 
Lord,  thy  tender  mercies  !"),  or  the  second  Sunday 
in  Lent. 

3.  Oculi  (Ps.  25  : 15,  "  Mine  eyes  are  ever  toward 
the  Lord"),  or  the  third  Sunday  in  Lent. 

4.  Lsetare  (Tsa.  66  :  10  :  "  Rejoice  ye  with  Jeru- 
salem, and  be  glad  with  her"),  or  the  fourth  Sunday 
in  Lent. 

5.  Judica  (Ps.  43  : 1,  "  Judge  me,  0  God"),  the 
fifth  Sunday. 

6.  Pahnarum  {Palm  Sunday),  from  the  contents 
of  the  gospel  lesson,  Matt.  21  :  8,  the  sixth  Sunday 
in  Lent. 

The  six  weeks  preceding  Easter  are  called  the 
season  of  Lent,  and  are  devoted  to  the  consideration 
of  the  sufferings  of  the  Redeemer. 

Palm  Sunday  is  the  first  day  of  Passion-week, 
which  is  the  last  week  of  Lent.  In  this  week  come 
Maundy  Thursday,  observed  in  commemoration  of 
the  institution  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  the  Sa- 
viour's agony  in  Gethsemane;  and  'Good  Friday, 
the  day  on  which  the  death  of  the  Lord  on  the  cross 
is  commemorated. 

The  Sunday  after  Good  Friday  is  the  festival  of 
Easier,  which  is  commemorative  of  the  Saviour's 
resurrection.  Easter  is  a  moveable  festival,  and  is 
always  the  first  Sunday  after  the  Full  Moon,  which 


APPENDIX. 


happens  upon,  or  next  after  the  twenty-first  day  of 

March  (the  vernal  equinox). 

The  first  Sunday  after  Easter  is  called  Quasimo* 
dogeniti,  from  1  Pet.  2  :  2,  "As  new-horn  babes,  de- 
sire the  sincere  milk  of  the  word;"  the  second, 
Misericordias  Domini,  from  Ps.  89  :  1,  "I  will  sing 
of  the  mercies  of  the  Lord  ;  "  the  third,  Jubilate,  from 
Ps.  66  :  1,  "Make  a  joy  fid  noise  unto  God,  all  ye 
lands;"  the  fourth,  Cantate,  from  Ps.  98  :  1,  "  0 
sing  unto  the  Lord  a  new  song;"  the  fifth,  Rogate, 
from  Matt.  7:7,  Ask,  and  it  shall  be  given  you." 
The  Thursday  after  Rogate  is  the  festival  of  the 
Ascension,  which  occurs  forty  days  after  Easter. 
The  following  Sunday,  the  sixth  after  Easter,  ia 
called  Exaudi,  from  Ps.  27  :  7,  "Hear,  0  Lord, 
when  I  cry  with  my  voice/ 

On  the  succeeding  Sunday  the  Church  celebrates 
Whitsunday  (Whitsuntide),  fifty  days  after  Easter, 
as  the  festival  of  the  outpouring  of  the  Holy  Ghost, 
or  of  the  establishment  of  the  Christian  Church. 

The  Sunday  after  Whitsunday  is  called  Trinity 
Sunday.  It  is  devoted  to  the  solemn  consideration 
of  the  revelation  of  God  as  Father,  Son,  and  Holy 
Ghost.  All  the  succeeding  Sundays  (from  23-27) 
to  the  first  Sunday  in  Advent,  are  called  Sundays 
after  Trinity. 

The  Church-year  may  be  divided  into  two  parts ; 
that  in  which  the  Church-festivals  occur,  and  that 
in  which  there  are  no  festivals.  Trinity  Sunday 
forms  the  dividing  line  between  these  two  parts. 
The  first  half  (the  historical  part)  of  the  Church- 
year  is  to  be  devoted  specially  to  the  consideration 
of  the  Saviour's  life  and  atoning  work ;  during  the 
other  half  (or  the  doctrinal  part),  the  consideration 
of  Christian  life  in  the  congregation  is  to  form  the 
subject  of  g moral  edification,  instruction,  and  ex- 
ercise. 


THE  CHRISTIAN  CHURCH-VEAfc 


133 


The  Church,  many  ages  ago,  selected  Ibwu  portions 
of  Holy  Scripture  (called  Pericopes,  or  goapels  and 
epistles),  one  from  the  Gospels,  and  the  oiner  from 
the  Epistles,  for  every  Sunday  and  festival  of  the 
Church-year. 

The  festivals  are  divided  into  moveable  and  im- 
moveable. The  former  always  occur  on  the  same 
day  of  the  week,  but  not  on  the  same  day  of  the 
year.  This  is  the  case  with  the  festival  of  Easter 
and  all  that  depend  upon  it.  The  immoveable  festi- 
vals always  occur  on  the  same  day  of  the  year,  but 
on  different  days  of  the  week.  In  addition  to  the 
principal  festivals  of  the  Church,  we  alsi  celebrate 
the  festival  of  the  Reformation,  October  Slst,  and 
the  days  of  thanksgiving,  humiliation,  and  prayer 
appointed  by  the  civil  authorities. 


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